Вопрос № 347368 - Английский язык

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The reflection of 1_______________ waves from aircraft had been observed in England in the early 1930s and the possibility for aircraft detection was discussed in 1934. It was soon realized that radio waves would be the 2________________ alternative to the existing inadequate acoustic warning equipment, which merely 3________________ for the sound of aircraft engines and had too short a range for proper warning of approach of last aircraft. In contrast, experiments indicated that radar could give a warning when the 4_________________ was 100 miles or more away.

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Radar applications
1. The information provided by radar includes the bearing and range (and therefore position) of the object from the radar scanner. It is thus used in many different fields where the need for such positioning is crucial. The first use of radar was for military purposes: to locate air, ground and sea targets. This evolved in the civilian field into applications for aircraft, ships, and roads.
2. In aviation, aircraft are equipped with radar devices that warn of obstacles in or approaching their path and give accurate altitude readings. The first commercial device fitted to aircraft was a 1938 Bell Lab unit on some United Air Lines aircraft. Such aircraft can land in fog at airports equipped with radar-assisted ground-controlled approach systems in which the plane's flight is observed on radar screens while operators radio landing directions to the pilot.
3. Marine radars are used to measure the bearing and distance of ships to prevent collision with other ships, to navigate, and to fix their position at sea when within range of shore or other fixed references such as islands, buoys, and lightships. In port or in harbour, vessel traffic service radar systems are used to monitor and regulate ship movements in busy waters. Police forces use radar guns to monitor vehicle speeds on the roads.
4. Meteorologists use radar to monitor precipitation. It has become the primary tool for short-term weather forecasting and watching for severe weather such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, winter storms, precipitation types, etc. Geologists use specialized ground-penetrating radars to map the composition of Earth's crust.
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Radar equipment makes it possible …

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The principles of 1________________ in a simplified form might be stated as follows:
1. electromagnetic radiation at high radio frequencies is 2________________ to detect and locate remote reflecting objects;
2. the radiation is sent out in pulses of a few microseconds’ duration, separated by intervals many times the duration of each pulse;
3. the pulses are returned from the reflecting objects and the returns are detected and displayed by receiving equipment placed at the point of transmission;
4. 3________________   to the objects is determined by measurement of the time it took the pulses to reach the targets from the transmission equipment and return to it;
5. the directions of the targets are determined by use of highly directive radio 4__________________.

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The 1________________ is basically a three-section device composed of two outside sections and a middle section. The two outside 2______________ are doped so that they are either P- or N-tуре, and the middle section is doped opposite to the outside sections. Transistors are 3_________________ as NPN or PNP according to the doping of the sections or elements. When the two outside sections are N-type semiconductors and the middle section is a P-type, the transistor is an NPN-type. When the two 4_________________ sections are P-types and the middle is N-type, the transistor is a PNP-type.

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A lot of knowledge is a dangerous thing for addicts of the Internet. Information is becoming the drug of the new century.
The research, conducted among 1000 managers in Britain, America, Europe and the Far East shows that, as information sources such as the Internet and cable news channels proliferate, we are witnessing the rise of a generation of dataholics.
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What are people who use the Internet a lot called?

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Health questions have been raised by the people who sit all day in front of the video display terminals (VDTs) of their computers. Are computer users getting bad radiation? What about eyestrain? And what about the age-old back problem, updated with new concerns about workers who hold their hands over a keyboard? What about repetitive-action injury also known as carpal tunnel syndrome? What about the risk of miscarriage?
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Who often asks questions about health?