Прочитайте текст Activities involved in getting goods from the producer to the consumer are called M...: ответ на тест 605469 - Английский язык

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Activities involved in getting goods from the producer to the consumer are called Marketing. The producer is responsible for the design and manufacture of goods. Early marketing techniques followed production and were responsible only for moving goods from the manufacturer to the point of final sale. Now, however, marketing is much more pervasive. In large corporations the marketing functions precede the manufacture of a product. They involve market research and product development, design, and testing.
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The producer is responsible for ____________________.

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Marketing concentrates primarily on the buyers, or consumers, determining their needs and desires, educating them with regard to the availability of products and to important product features, developing strategies to persuade them to buy, and, finally, enhancing their satisfaction with a purchase. Marketing management includes planning, organizing, directing, and controlling decision making regarding product lines, pricing, promotion, and servicing. In most of these areas marketing has complete control; in others, as in product-line development, its function is primarily advisory. The marketing department of a business firm is responsible for the physical distribution of the products, determining the channels of distribution that will be used and supervising the profitable flow of goods from the factory or warehouse.
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The marketing department of a business firm is responsible for _________________.

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Marketing concentrates primarily on the buyers, or consumers, determining their needs and desires, educating them with regard to the availability of products and to important product features, developing strategies to persuade them to buy, and, finally, enhancing their satisfaction with a purchase. Marketing management includes planning, organizing, directing, and controlling decision making regarding product lines, pricing, promotion, and servicing. In most of these areas marketing has complete control; in others, as in product-line development, its function is primarily advisory. The marketing department of a business firm is responsible for the physical distribution of the products, determining the channels of distribution that will be used and supervising the profitable flow of goods from the factory or warehouse.
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The marketing department of a business firm is responsible for _________________.

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Marketing research involves the use of surveys, tests, and statistical studies to analyze consumer trends and to forecast the quantity and locale of a market favourable to the profitable sale of products or services. The social sciences are increasingly utilized in customer research. Psychology and sociology, for example, by providing clues to people’s activities, circumstances, wants, desires, and general motivation, are keys to understanding the various behavioural patterns of consumers.
Coupled with applications from the social sciences has been the introduction of modern measuring methods when surveys are made to determine the extent of markets for a particular product. The modern measuring methods include the use of statistics and the utilization of computers to determine trends in consumers’ desires for various products.
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The modern measuring methods include the use of statistics and the utilization of computers to determine trends in consumers’ desires _____________________.

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An important influence in marketing theory is the continuous and rapid change in consumer interests and desires. Consumers today are more sophisticated than those of past generations. They attend school for much longer; they are exposed to newspapers, magazines, movies, radio, television, and travel. Consumers also have much greater interaction with other people. Their demands are more exacting, and their taste changes more volatile. Markets tend to be segmented as each group calls for products suited to its particular tastes. «Positioning» the product - that is, determining the exact segment of the population that is likely to buy a product, and then developing a marketing campaign to enhance the product's image to fit that particular segment - requires great care and planning.
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Consumers also have much greater interaction with _______________________.

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Competition has sharply intensified, as the number of firms engaged in producing similar products has increased. Each firm tries to differentiate its products from those of its competitors. Profit margins, meaning the profit percentages made by a business per dollar of sales, are constantly being lessened. While costs continue to rise, competition tends to keep prices down. The result is a narrowing spread between costs and selling prices, and an increase in a business’ sales volume is necessary to maintain or increase profit.
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Each firm tries to differentiate its products from those of ____________________.