Вопрос № 1072723 - Английский язык

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The Roman Empire began as a country of small farms on the Italian peninsula before 500 B.C. By the A.D. 200s the Romans had developed new farming methods, e.g. systems of crop rotation. The selective breeding of plants and livestock began in Europe during Roman times, too. During the Middle Ages European farmers invented a three-field system of crop rotation during the Middle Ages. In many areas, it replaced the Roman two-field system. On most European farms horses gradually replaced oxen as the chief source of power. Many special-purpose livestock breeds were developed.
The European voyages of discovery that began in the 1400s greatly affected agriculture throughout the world. In various parts of the Americas, Indian farmers grew cocoa beans, corn, peanuts, peppers, rubber trees, sweet potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes.
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On most European farms horses gradually replaced …

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As an agricultural region of the USA, the Northeast does not have large areas of good land. Small farms are numerous in this region. Most are around 81 hectares in size. In the Middle Atlantic states grains, fruits, and vegetables are grown. There is extensive farming in the New England states with one crop being grown. Maine is famous for potatoes. The Connecticut River valley is known for tobacco. Dairy and poultry farms are found in several areas.

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Various organs of livestock supply drugs used by a great number of people. Animal fat can be processed and made into livestock feed and soap. Every year, livestock produce tons of body wastes that are used to fertilize the soil. This organic fertilizer increases the growth and food production of many plants. Horses were once widely used as work animals on farms. But automated farm equipment has replaced horses for farm work in most parts of the world. Today, people use horses primarily for recreational riding and for racing.

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Bacteria, unlike higher organisms, consist of a single cell only. Some of the bacteria possess thread-like appendices, so-called cilia, for purpose of locomotion. These cilia are fixed either at one end of the cell or are arranged over the whole surface of the cell. The size of the cells is microscopic. The pathogen is thus visible with the aid of microscope only. Bacteria multiply by simple fission. Bacteria diseases are usually caused by the penetration of bacteria into injured plant parts. By excreting certain chemical agents bacteria break up cell unions, loosen them or kill part of the cells.

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When America was discovered by white man, the Indians were collecting the juice of the hard maple, thus making maple syrup. 1_______.The production of maple syrup has been an industry since in the regions where hard maples are common, principally the northeastern United States.
2_______. By additional heating at about 120 C, a flavor can be developed. 3_______. Maple sugar is sucrose of about 90-95 % purity. 4_______.

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Farm tractors may be divided into two groups: wheeled and track-laying. 1_______.Standard wheeled tractors are used for general farm work and do not have the special features associated with row-crop tractors. 2_______.But in addition they are so specially designed for working on root.
Track-laying tractors have the great advantage that they can be used for heavy loads on almost any class of land. 3_______. But their greater initial cost and their maintenance may outweigh this advantage. The crawler is, however, the more efficient type of tractor. 4_______.