Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова The first materials which man...: ответ на тест 223857 - Английский язык

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The first materials which man discovered were copper and gold, because they occur naturally in the pure state. They were used because they could be shaped easily, gold being especially soft. The discovery that copper could be obtained in sufficient quantities for beating into vessels and weapons was an important step in the use of metals, but the discovery that copper ore would produce copper was probably accidental.

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The first materials which man discovered were copper and gold, because they occur naturally in the pure state. They were used because they could be shaped easily, gold being especially soft. The discovery that copper could be obtained in sufficient quantities for beating into vessels and weapons was an important step in the use of metals, but the discovery that copper ore would produce copper was probably accidental.

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Copper had been smelted and used for two thousand years before the potential of iron become evident. In the course of smelting activities, no doubt iron ores and the substance resulting from smelting them were encountered.

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The lathe is a machine-tool in which work is held so that it can be rotated about the axis. The cutting tool is traveled past the work from one end to the other. It is designed primarily for turning and boring operations. However, in addition to turning and boring, many other operations may also be performed on a lathe. The lathe is considered to be the oldest but still the most important of all machine-tools. Any shop, containing machines or machine-tools, contains a lathe.

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Railway transport is still one of the cheapest ways of hauling freight over long distances. Communications are important to the national economy of a country. Without good roads and railways a country cannot develop its resources and industry. Without roads it is impossible to market agricultural produce.

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The first important railway construction from Petersburg to Moscow was begun in 1843 and opened to public traffic in 1851. That was a first-class double-track railway line, which linked two large industrial and cultural centres. It had 644 km in length, 185 bridges and 19 viaducts were erected to make the line as straight and level as possible.