Вопрос № 1072721 - Английский язык

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Domestication of animals is more than taming. Their habitat is restricted, protection assured, food supply maintained, and most important, breeding farm animals is done under human management and control.
In general animals have been domesticated for the following three purposes: as a source of food, clothing, etc, as assistants used in various human activities, or as pets.
The usefulness of animals domesticated may vary. For instance, European and many other peoples breed cows for obtaining milk and beef, but the Chinese do not milk cows, and Hindus do not eat beef.

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What did Americans like to eat for many years?
There are various ethnic food, health food, fast food and traditional home – cooked food in the USA. Mexican food is the favourite of many Americans, but they love spaghetti, pizza and other types of Italian food. Chinese food has been popular with them for years. Now they often prefer fast food like hamburgers, hot dogs and French fries. Many years  the American people liked traditional big breakfast with meat and potatoes. Usually they eat three times a day.

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At the dawn of history we find man practicing the most elementary methods of modifying soil conditions. He broke up the surface and prepared a seed-bed, using for this purpose the most primitive of all cultivating devices, a digging implement like a hoe. In early times the principal crops were cereals and flax.
By the 19th century such a complexity of implements had been introduced as to justify the term «agricultural machinery». In agriculture, as in industry, the use first of water-power and then of steam had immensely stimulated the invention of machinery or replacing manual labour.  A threshing-machine was invested late in the 18th century and was gradually coming into use early in the 19th. It was driven by water or wind, sometimes by horse labour and later by steam. The mowing-machine, the self-binder and the potato-digger had been developed in the first instance for horse or manual labour.
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What stimulated the invention of machinery?

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The Roman Empire began as a country of small farms on the Italian peninsula before 500 B.C. By the A.D. 200s the Romans had developed new farming methods, e.g. systems of crop rotation. The selective breeding of plants and livestock began in Europe during Roman times, too. During the Middle Ages European farmers invented a three-field system of crop-rotation during the Middle Ages. In many areas, it replaced the Roman two-field system. On most European farms horses gradually replaced oxen as the chief source of power. Many special-purpose livestock breeds were developed.

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Various organs of livestock supply drugs used by a great number of people. Animal fat can be processed and made into livestock feed and soap. Every year, livestock produce tons of body wastes that are used to fertilize the soil. This organic fertilizer increases the growth and food production of many plants. Horses were once widely used as work animals on farms. But automated farm equipment has replaced horses for farm work in most parts of the world. Today, people use horses primarily for recreational riding and for racing.

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Bacteria, unlike higher organisms, consist of a single cell only. Some of the bacteria possess thread-like appendices, so-called cilia, for purpose of locomotion. These cilia are fixed either at one end of the cell or are arranged over the whole surface of the cell. The size of the cells is microscopic. The pathogen is thus visible with the aid of microscope only. Bacteria multiply by simple fission. Bacteria diseases are usually caused by the penetration of bacteria into injured plant parts. By excreting certain chemical agents bacteria break up cell unions, loosen them or kill part of the cells.