Вопрос № 857109 - Английский язык

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Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is employed to locate submerged enemy 1________________. Like radar it is an echo-ranging 2__________________. It operates in the following way - a ship 3________________ a sound wave into the water. Encounting an obstacle the wave is reflected back to the ship, which – since the speed of sound through water is known - determines its distance from the object from the time it took the echo to return. To create the original sound wave, the ship generates 4________________ signals in а transmitter; it then sends these to a transducer, positioned on its keel as deeply in the water as possible. The transducer converts the signals into sound and transmits them through the water.

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The first atomic ships were made in our country and abroad. They are: the atomic ice-breaker Lenin and the nuclear merchant ship Savannah.
The Savannah is an experimental ship. It can carry only 60 passengers and 10,000 tons of cargo, and its main purpose is to demonstrate the safety and practicability of a nuclear-powered ship. The nuclear reactor of the ship is surrounded by a ring of water, 82 cm thick, then by a 2,000 ton steel cylinder and by a mat of redwood and steel, 71 cm thick.
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What kind of ship is Savannah?

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About 350 years ago, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) changed scientists’ attitudes towards Science. He developed the scientific method used to obtain theories that explain how nature works. This method, which is still in use today, includes the following steps:
– Identification of the problem.
– Formulation of a hypothesis based on collected and analysed data.
– Testing of the hypothesis to check its validity.
– Development of a theory.

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There are two main types of theories: the theories of principles and the constructive theories. The theories of principles use analysis: we observe an event and explain it through the use of mathematics and experiments. Constructive theories, on the other hand, use synthesis. In these theories we use the information from the theories of principles to construct more complex theories. For example, the theory of principles proved that matter vibrates. Later, constructive theory used this information to prove that, sound, heat and radiation derive from vibration.

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Certain other substances absorb moisture from the air when they are exposed to it; these are said to be deliquescent. The impurities often present in common table salt are typical of this class of substances. Because these impurities tend to solidify upon absorbing moisture from the air the openings of a salt shaker clog in damp weather.
A substance that absorbs moisture from the air and becomes wet or dissolves in the moisture is called deliquescent.

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As the population increases, the problem of water supply in many desert regions becomes more urgent with every year.
Scientists consider that the best way to solve this problem is to construct plants that will use atomic energy to distill fresh water from the sea. It is believed that it will be cheaper to distill sea water than to make new freshwater reservoirs.