Вопрос № 932982 - Английский язык

There have been many different styles or kinds of architecture in the past and there are many different styles today in different parts of the world.
The oldest monuments which are met within architecture are the colossal pyramids of Egypt most of which were constructed about 6,000 years ago.
The pyramids are large triangular buildings which were placed over tombs of Egyptian kings. The best known of the pyramids are a group of three built at Giza south of Cairo. The largest of these is 482 feet high.
The country was rich in hard and durable stone, but poor in timber and metal, so that the main material used for construction was granite, and this was the reason for the durability of the pyramids.
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There have been many different styles or kinds of architecture in the past and there are many different styles today in different parts of the world.
The oldest monuments which are met within architecture are the colossal pyramids of Egypt most of which were constructed about 6,000 years ago.
The pyramids are large triangular buildings which were placed over tombs of Egyptian kings. The best known of the pyramids are a group of three built at Giza south of Cairo. The largest of these is 482 feet high.
The country was rich in hard and durable stone, but poor in timber and metal, so that the main material used for construction was granite, and this was the reason for the durability of the pyramids.
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You ask what I think of modern architecture. I don’t know very much about modern architecture in Europe, but styles are probably similar in most countries today. I think this is because now architects have no opportunities they had in the past. They are seldom asked to design buildings like wonderful churches and cathedrals of the Middle Ages. Architects today have to design schools, hospitals and huge blocks of flats and offices. If they are asked to make plans for houses, these are usually all alike or nearly alike.

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Architecture is an 1_______. The triple nature of architectural design is one of the reasons why architecture is a 2_______ art. The architect does not first plan a building from the point of view of convenience, then designs around his plan a strong 3_______ to shelter it, and finally adjusts and decorates the whole to make it pretty. It takes him a special type of imagination as well as long years of training and experience to produce a 4_______ capable of making the requisite in the light of these three factors – “use, construction, aesthetic effect” – simultaneously.

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We can not ignore the heritage of the past. There are different 1_______ and kinds of architecture in the past around the world. It is not a secret, that various cultures have left their imprint on history through their great 2_______ and buildings, great castles and cathedrals. The oldest monuments which are met within 3_______ are great structures such as Egyptian pyramids, the Parthenon in Athens, the Roman Pantheon, and Hagia Sophia in the “New Rome”, Constantinople, great castles and cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the palaces of the Renaissance and the civil engineering infrastructure of the industrial revolution. Great architects and engineers followed an integrated 4_______ of conception, design and construction.

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In ancient Russia 1_______ flourished for the first time in Kiev Russ. Unfortunately only a few of the church buildings of that period have remained, among them the famous Cathedral of St Sophia, the 2_______ of which was laid in 1037 to commemorate the victory over the Pechenegs. The churches of that time were strong 3_______ with thick walls and small windows. They often had to serve as 4_______ against enemy invasions. During the Second World War the finest ancient architectural monuments were destroyed and great effort has gone into restoring them.