Вопрос № 911473 - Английский язык

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Certain other substances absorb moisture from the air when they are exposed to it; these are said to be deliquescent. The impurities often present in common table salt are typical of this class of substances. Because these impurities tend to solidify upon absorbing moisture from the air the openings of a salt shaker clog in damp weather.
A substance that absorbs moisture from the air and becomes wet or dissolves in the moisture is called deliquescent.

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The skin is often called “the body’s first line of defence.” It acts as armour, resisting many germs that might harm the more delicate parts of the body. Any brain in the skin, even a pin prick, provides an opening for dangerous germs. Some germs enter the body through the nose and mouth and other natural openings. These areas provide warmth and moisture, in which germs thrive. When the membrane of the nose and throat becomes irritated, we cough or sneeze, blowing out the unwanted substances.
Other body liquids also provide a defence against disease. Tears, for example, wash bacteria from the eyes. Tears also contain substances that fight bacteria. Acid in the stomach kills many germs before they can reach other parts of the body.

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Density (specific weight) is the amount of mass in a unit volume. It is measured in kilograms per cubic metre. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 but most materials have a higher density and sink in water. Aluminium alloys, with typical densities around 2800 kg/m3 are considerably less dense than steels, which have typical densities around 7800 kg/m3. Density is important in any application where the material must not be heavy.

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Fatigue is the growth of cracks under stress. It occurs when a mechanical part is subjected to a repeated or cyclic stress such as vibration. Even when the maximum stress never exceeds the elastic limit, failure of the material can occur even after a short time. No deformation is seen during fatigue, but small localized cracks develop and propagate through the material until the remaining cross-sectional area cannot support the maximum stress of the cyclic force. Knowledge of tensile stress, elastic limits, and the resistance of materials to creep and fatigue are of basic importance in engineering.

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The combinations of two or more different materials are called composite materials. They usually have unique mechanical and physical properties because they combine the best properties of different materials. For example, a fibre-glass reinforced plastic combines the high strength of thin glass fibres with the ductility and chemical resistance of plastic. Nowadays composites are being used for structures such as bridges, boat-building etc.

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When you turn the handle of a water tap clockwise, the water stops. When you 1_______ it anticlockwise, the water pours out of the tap again. How does it work?
Look at FIG.2. The tap has a handle on the top and inside there is a 2_______, and a washer. The washer is over a hole.
When you turn the handle clockwise, this makes the bolt move downwards. The washer then covers the hole and stops the water.
When you turn the handle 3_______, the bolt moves upwards and the washer uncovers the hole again. This lets 4_______ flow through the tap again.