Вопрос № 223804 - Английский язык

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The first scientists to study colour was Sir Isaac Newton. He was an English 1_______      who lived from 1642 to 1727. Newton was the first person to 2 _______ white light into different colours.
In 1861 another English scientist, James Clerk Maxwell, showed that he could make other colours by mixing the primary colours – red, blue and yellow – in different ways. These other colours are called secondary and tertiary colours. We make secondary colours by 3 _______ two primary colours together. For example, red and yellow become orange, yellow and blue become green, and blue and red become violet. We make tertiary colour with one 4_______ colour.
We can make a room look bigger or smaller, hotter or colder by using colour. Green and blue are cold colours. They can also make a room look bigger. Red, orange and yellow are hot colours. They can make a room look smaller.

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The first scientist to study colour was Sir Isaac Newton. 1_______. Newton was the first person to divide white light into different colours.
In 1861 another English scientist, James Clerk Maxwell, showed that he could make other colours by mixing the primary colours – red, blue and yellow – in different ways. 2_______. We make secondary colours by mixing two primary colours together. For example, red and yellow become orange, yellow and blue become green, and blue and red become violet. We make tertiary colour by mixing one primary colour with one secondary colour.
We can make a room look bigger or smaller, hotter or colder by using colour. 3_______. They can also make a room look bigger. Red, orange and yellow are hot colours. 4_______.

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There have been many 1_______ number systems in the world. A long time ago the Babylonians counted in 60s and today computers count in 2s – using only 1 and 0. We call this 2-number system the binary system. Most systems, however, count in 10s. This is because we have 10 2_______. We call this system the decimal system from ‘decem’, the Latin word for 10.
The Romans used letters like I, V, X and C to count in 10s but these are not very easy to use. The numbers most people use today come from India. We think they were invented by the Hindu people there. In the Hindu system the place of each 3_______ is important. For example, 832 is a different number to 238 or 382. The Hindu system was also used by the Arabs, and we now call them Arabic numbers. In about the 12th century an Italian called Leonardo Fibonacci wrote a book about 4_______ numbers, and people all over Europe began using these numbers.
We do not know who invented the decimal point, but we know that in 1585 a man called Simon Stevin wrote  a book about the decimal point. The book was called ‘The Tenth’. Before we knew about the decimal point, we had to use fractions like Ѕ and system ѕ when we talked about numbers smaller than 1.

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The Great 1_______ of China is so large that the men who landed on the moon could see it. It is the largest wall in the world.
It begins at Shanhaikun on the Yellow Sea and ends at Chaiyukan in the Gobi Desert. It is almost three thousand 2_______ long. It is not only a wall, it has many thousands of towers.
The Chinese people started building walls as early as 600 BC to keep out their enemies. However, it was the first emperor of China, Ch’in Shih Hwang-ti, who started the great Wall in about 214 BC. We get the word ‘China’ from his name.
Chinese 3_______ built some of the Great Wall while Ch’in Shih Hwang-ti was emperor, bur most of it was built much later, between 202 BC and 220 AD, and between 581 AD and 618 AD. After this time, no more work was done on the wall for hundreds of years, and much of it became broken. Then in the 15th century, the first of the Ming emperors started building another wall near the first one. It is this wall that thousands of tourists visit 4_______ year.

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The Eiffel Tower is one of Europe’s most famous 1_______. It stands in the Chap de Mars, a park near the River Seine in Paris. It is 300 metres tall and was built by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel for the Paris Universal Exposition in 1889.
Because the tower was such a tall building, Eiffel wanted to make it easy for people to get to the top. He wanted to use a lift, which was a very new 2_______ at the time. Eiffel asked Elisha Otis to design a lift for the building.
The opening of the Eiffel Tower took place on the 10th June 1889. Eiffel himself lived in the 3_______ where he had his own apartment. Many kings and queens were happy to visit the tower during the opening and, of course, they visited Eiffel’s apartment. Although Eiffel designed the tower for people to visit, it was also used for 4_______ experiments. Nowadays, the tower gets twice as many visitors as the other very famous building in Paris – the Louvre.

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The 1_______ Revolution of the 18th century resulted from the discovery of steam power. Until then, everything had to be powered by 2_______ or animals, and the power that they made, even when they were 3_______ together, was quite small. Then came steam engines that were 4_______ enough to run large machines and pull long trains.