Вопрос № 1059468 - Английский язык

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In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law. 1_______. The role of each court and its capacity to make decision is strictly defined in relation to other courts. 2_______. One is that a particular court can specialize in particular kinds of legal actions – for example, family courts and juvenile courts. 3_______. The decisions of a higher court are binding upon lower courts. 4_______.

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The Courts of Appeals were organized to relieve the Supreme Court of pressure resulting from accumulation of appellate cases. In general these courts have final jurisdiction over the great mass of litigation not involving constitutional questions. For example, parties from different states have their case heard in a high Federal Court without going to the Supreme Court. A United States Court of Appeals generally comprises three judges. (The Chief Justice and associate justices of the Supreme Court are authorized to assign additional circuit court judges to such courts as may need them).
A Court of Appeals accepts the facts sent up to it by the lower courts, and therefore does not need a jury. Its work is to decide on disputed questions of law. As a rule the Court of Appeals sits with three judges together on the bench. This court’s principal duty is to protect the Supreme Court from routine cases of no political importance. Its decision may be so clear and well grounded that the Supreme Court will refuse to go into the question further, in which case the Court of Appeals has stated the supreme law of the land, at least for the exact circumstances of that case.

At the beginning of the trial, the judge asks the defendant how he ______: «guilty» or «not guilty».

The goal of _______ is to produce new high-quality researchers able to work at universities or outside the higher education system.

An effective way to generate lots of ideas on a specific issue and then determine which idea is the best solution can be …

The building structure was lightened to ______ interiors graceful and ethereal.