Вопрос № 800571 - Английский язык

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Hypatia of Alexandria. Hypatia lived in Alexandria, Egypt from about AD 370 to AD 415. She was well-known for explaining difficult ideas very clearly and simply. Her work in geometry - the mathematics of shapes - helped mathematicians who lived much later to understand the movements of the planets in space. This may help people get to Mars one day!

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Philip Emeagwali. Philip Emeagwali, a Nigerian, left school at fourteen because his family couldn’t afford to pay. He continued studying on his own. At seventeen, he passed an exam and was invited to study in the USA. In 1990, while studying, he used mathematics to predict the location of oil under the ground. He helped people in Nigeria find oil. And everyone knows that oil = money!

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Modern buildings have three major parts. These are the superstructure, the substructure, and the foundation. The superstructure is above –ground part of a building; the substructure – its below-ground part. As to the third part – foundation – its function is of great importance as it serves to transfer the loads of a building into the upper stratum of earth – its soil.

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Materials used for construction purposes possess different properties. They differ in durability, strength, weight, fire- and decay-resistance and, naturally, cost.
Wood, timber, brick, stone, concrete, metals, and plastics belong to the most popular building materials used nowadays. They all have their advantages and disadvantages that are taken into account when designing a structure.

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Wood belongs to naturally growing materials. It is known to be the oldest construction material and is still widely used for different purposes. Wood is popular since it has low weight and is easy to work. Besides, it grows naturally and is cheap. But its usage is limited because of its disadvantages: it easily burns and decays. As to stone, it also belongs to the oldest building materials. Among its disadvantages there are strength, high heat insulation and fire-resistance.

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Brick belongs to artificial construction materials. It has been used in many countries and in different climates. In modern times bricks vary widely with the method of production and temperature of burning.
Concrete is known to be one of the most popular building materials. It is produced by mixing cement, gravel, water, and sand in the proper amounts.