Вопрос № 87042 - Английский язык

                                   Текст I
                  VITAMINS AND PROVITAMINS
(1) Vitamin is any of several organic substances that usually are separated into water-soluble and fat-soluble groups. The substances commonly known as vitamins are diverse in chemical structure and function. Originally defined as organic compounds obtainable in a normal diet and capable of maintaining life, vitamins are distinct from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in function, as well as in the quantities in which organisms require them. If a vitamin is absent from the diet, a specific deficiency disease may develop.
(2) The term “vitamin” originated from “vitamine,” a word first used in 1911 to designate a group of compounds considered vital for life; each was thought to have a nitrogen-containing component known as an amine. The final e of vitamine was dropped when it was discovered that not all of the vitamins contain nitrogen, and, therefore, not all are amines. The term “accessory food factor” sometimes is used instead of vitamin to refer to these substances.
(3) Since they generally cannot be synthesized by an animal and must be obtained from the diet or from some synthetic source, vitamins are called essential nutrients. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some organisms in sufficient amounts so that the dietary requirement is eliminated; vitamin C usually is considered a vitamin, however, because it must be included in the diet of man. Vitamins are distinct from many other compounds, which, although indispensable for proper animal functions, can be synthesized in adequate quantities.
(4) Provitamin is similar in structure to a specific vitamin and can be converted to it by a few metabolic reactions. Antivitamin is a compound that prevents the normal function of certain vitamins. Antivitamin may act by binding a vitamin, by destroying a vitamin, or by inhibiting the coenzyme function of a vitamin.
                                                    (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Найдите фрагмент текста, посвященный описанию вещества – «антагониста»:

Найдите фрагмент текста, посвященный описанию вещества – «антагониста»:

                                                                  Текст I
                                          VITAMINS AND PROVITAMINS
(1) Vitamin is any of several organic substances that usually are separated into water-soluble and fat-soluble groups. The substances commonly known as vitamins are diverse in chemical structure and function. Originally defined as organic compounds obtainable in a normal diet and capable of maintaining life, vitamins are distinct from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in function, as well as in the quantities in which organisms require them. If a vitamin is absent from the diet, a specific deficiency disease may develop.
(2) The term “vitamin” originated from “vitamine,” a word first used in 1911 to designate a group of compounds considered vital for life; each was thought to have a nitrogen-containing component known as an amine. The final e of vitamine was dropped when it was discovered that not all of the vitamins contain nitrogen, and, therefore, not all are amines. The term “accessory food factor” sometimes is used instead of vitamin to refer to these substances.
(3) Since they generally cannot be synthesized by an animal and must be obtained from the diet or from some synthetic source, vitamins are called essential nutrients. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some organisms in sufficient amounts so that the dietary requirement is eliminated; vitamin C usually is considered a vitamin, however, because it must be included in the diet of man. Vitamins are distinct from many other compounds, which, although indispensable for proper animal functions, can be synthesized in adequate quantities.
(4) Provitamin is similar in structure to a specific vitamin and can be converted to it by a few metabolic reactions. Antivitamin is a compound that prevents the normal function of certain vitamins. Antivitamin may act by binding a vitamin, by destroying a vitamin, or by inhibiting the coenzyme function of a vitamin.
                                                                                                      (Encyclopedia Britannica)

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Early Russian Architecture
1. Russian borrowed its early architecture, like its icon painting, from Byzantium. From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries early towns were built on defensive sites on high river banks. From afar were visible low white walls with towers, churches with brilliant domes and bell towers. The finest examples of traditional architecture can be seen in the towns of Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo and Sergiev Posad.
2. In Russia, timber has always been the most natural building material. Russian carpenters decorate the diverse structures they were building with beautiful carved decorations above windows and porches. One can see such decorations on log-cabins, fortress towers, huge cathedrals, churches and monasteries.
3. Wooden and masonry architecture developed side by side in medieval Russia, one stimulating and gratifying the love for verticality and slenderness, the other satisfying a yearning for massiveness, monumentality, and lavish decoration in the expression of power and splendour. The few remaining examples of the ancient wooden structures are now in Rostov and also in the museums of wooden buildings in Novgorod, Kostroma and Suzdal. These examples show the skill and gift of their builders to harmonize the building proper with the landscape. Wooden architecture predominates in Northern Russia and in some of the older settlements and towns of the Siberia, such as Tyumen.
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An effective method for solving a problem using a finite sequence of instructions is called …

David is at our London office today, ______ some visitors from abroad.

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There are 2 ways of addressing people: friendly and formal. You may address a person in a friendly way and call him by a first name only if you know the person very well. But if you are not familiar with the person or don't know him well enough use the formal way of addressing people.
Addressing a woman remember that "Miss" goes only with the name of a girl оr unmarried woman. "Mrs." is a form of address to married women only. "Ms" [miz] is used as a title of woman without distinction between married or unmarried. "Mr." is a form of address before a man's name. The polite form of addressing people is used to show respect to a person. In this case "sir" and "madam" are used.