Вопрос № 1072264 - Английский язык

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Tractors occupy an important place on the farm as a source of power. On many farms they, together with trucks or trailers, have entirely displaced horses for farm work. An advantage of tractors power over the horse is that tractor can be used continuously for heavy work. In addition to pulling implements like ploughs and cultivators, a tractor may be used with implements for bush-cleaning, ditch-filling and land-leveling. Small tractors from 1 to 10 horse-power, fitted with single-or twin cylinder petrol engines, may be used for garden and orchard work.
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On many farms tractors have entirely displaced …

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Modern large agricultural implements, adapted to large-scale farming methods, are usually powered by diesel- or petrol-fuelled internal-combustion engines. The most important implement of modern agriculture is the tractor. It provides locomotion for many other implements and can furnish power, via its power shaft, for the operation of machines drawn behind the tractor. The power shafts of tractors can also be set up to drive belts that operate equipment such as feed grinders, pumps, and electric-power generators. Small implements, such as portable irrigators, may be powered by individual motors.

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At the beginning of the 20th century mechanization of such basic processes as ploughing, sowing, grain-harvesting was still by no means complete. Now we can say that it is. The thing now is the full-scale mechanization of jobs requiring more intricate machinery, such as harvesting of sugar-beets, cotton, mowing of hay crops, silaging and livestock care. Today our collective and state farms are able to obtain high yields of crops and animal produce because they work in close contact with science. At the dawn of history we find man practicing the most elementary methods of modifying soil conditions. He broke up the surface and prepared a seed-bed, using for this purpose the most primitive of all cultivating devices, a digging implement like a hoe. In early times the principal crops were cereals and flax.

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By disease in plant is meant some disturbance in the normal life-processes which affects either a particular organ or the entire plant, and which sometimes leads to premature death. Cultivated plants are usually more liable to disease than wild plants. The losses caused by plant diseases are sometimes enormous, and cultivation of certain crops in some countries had been abandoned in the past owing to the ravages of disease. Storage losses through disease may be severe. Disease in plants may be brought about either through attack by some kind of parasite or by some autonomous, functional derangement.

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There are more than 20 different minerals in the body. 1_______. Then there are small quantities of sulphur, chlorine, magnesium, iron, copper, iodine, fluorine, cobalt, zink and others. Three of the most important minerals are calcium, phosphorus and iron. 2_______. The bones and teeth have 99 per cent of the calcium in the body. If people have enough calcium and phosphorus their bones and teeth will be strong and hard. 3_______. Milk and hard cheeses are the best sources of calcium. 4_______.

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The red colour of the blood is the colour of the hemoglobin. 1_______. As iron carries oxygen, people who do not have enough iron do not get enough oxygen for their normal activities. 2_______. A small quantity of iodine is also necessary for good nutrition – probably less than one ten-thousandth of a gramme daily. Deficiency of iodine results in an overgrowth of the thyroid gland. 3_______. Fluorine is a constituent of the enamel of the teeth but it is absent from most foods. So many cities now add traces of fluorine to the water supply. 4_______.