Прочитайте текст. Some microbes serve as factories – making pharmaceuticals pesticides solvents and ...: ответ на тест 1072555 - Английский язык

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Some microbes serve as factories – making pharmaceuticals, pesticides, solvents, and plastics. Some help make the snow at your ski resort. Some separate gold and copper from ores, reducing the need for chemicals like cyanide. Some rejuvenate oil wells. Some make the enzymes for snipping DNA, the first step in genetic engineering. Some are our fermenters, converting sugar into bread, beer, sauerkraut, cheese, yogurt, vinegar, wine.
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Why are microbes so useful?

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And some microbes, of course, are age-old enemies, the invisible messengers of tuberculosis and cholera. But those arc relatively few. Only one microbe in a thousand is a pathogen. The rest, neither we nor the planet could live without. They make what we want, and they get rid of what we don’t want. They are the workhorses of biotechnology.
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Why can microbes be dangerous?

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And some microbes, of course, are age-old enemies, the invisible messengers of tuberculosis and cholera. But those arc relatively few. Only one microbe in a thousand is a pathogen. The rest, neither we nor the planet could live without. They make what we want, and they get rid of what we don’t want. They are the workhorses of biotechnology.
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Why can microbes be dangerous?

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The rest you see – all one billion of them – are bacteria. Oldest of life-forms (for two billion years the only life on earth), they are structurally the simplest, lacking the cell nucleus found in other microbes. Most reproduce by fission. Bacteria are the planet’s most abundant, most varied, most versatile, and most useful organisms – and among its most deadly.
These microbes dwell among us – and within us – in astronomical numbers.
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How do most bacteria multiply?

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Congenital causes of disorders act within the womb and result in disorders which are usually obvious at birth such as mongolism, abnormalities of the nervous system and deformities of the heart. These disorders are caused either by a fault in the chromosomal structure of the fertilized egg or by damage caused to the developing embryo in the womb. A developing embryo can be affected by a disease of the mother. For example, during the early months of pregnancy, German measles can lead to abnormalities of the heart and ears. The smoking of more than ten cigarettes a day by a pregnant woman may retard the normal growth of the foetus in the womb. Deformities may also be due to drugs taken during pregnancy.

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An enormous number of living things enter the body’s tissues, grow there and cause disease. Infectious agents act in different ways. Viruses act inside the cells. The polio virus, for example, causes paralysis by growing in and destroying a particular type of nerve cell in the spinal cord. Bacteria, on the other hand, are mainly extracellular. Malaria, which is still one of the world’s greatest killers, destroys the blood’s red cells. It is caused by a tiny parasite which is carried by mosquitoes. Its symptoms are a high fever, headache and violent shivering. It can result in chronic ill health or death.