Прочитайте текст Business law also known as commercial law covers rules that apply to business situa...: ответ на тест 800722 - Английский язык

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Business law (also known as commercial law) covers rules that apply to business situations and transactions. Business law is largely concerned with civil law, especially with contracts. Some business law applies to torts (private wrongs against individuals, distinct from breaches of contracts). For example, a tort may occur when a manufacturer makes a defective product that injures a user. Criminal law sometimes governs business-related activities, too. For example, criminal law would punish a firm that conspires with competitors to fix prices or an employee who steals company tools.
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What is business law?

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Private law is that body of law that pertains to the relationships between individuals in an organized society. Private law encompasses the subjects of contracts, torts, and property. Each of these subjects includes several bodies of law. For example, the law of contracts may be subdivided into the subjects of sales, commercial paper, agency, and business organizations. Many subjects constitute the body of law usually referred to as business law.

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A contract is an agreement, which is enforced by law. This agreement normally results from an exchange of promises.
For example, a husband and wife want their house painted. A painter examines the building and offers (promises) to do the job for $1,500 during the next month. The owners could accept the offer by promising to pay the price. For a contract to arise, the painter as offerer (one who makes the offer) must make a definite offer, and generally the offeree (one to whom the offer is made) must accept the offer exactly as presented. Of course, the parties may negotiate additional details. The homeowners could reject the offer by demanding a lower price or earlier completion. The painter, in turn, could accept or reject such a counteroffer. Without both offer and acceptance, there is no agreement. No particular language need be used. The intent of the parties is the important thing.
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Who is the offeree?

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An offer is a proposal by an offerer to do or not to do some specific thing in the future, provided the offeree agrees with stated conditions. If the offeree accepts the proposal, a contract arises. Generally, to be an offer, a proposal must be:
1) intended to create a legal obligation
2) definite, and
3) communicated to the offeree.
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What characteristics must a proposal have to become an offer?

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The offerer must intend to create a legal obligation if the proposal is accepted. People often make agreements that no one considers legally enforceable. For example, if two friends make a date to go to the movies, no contract is intended or formed. If either breaks the date, the other may be offended but cannot sue. There is no legal remedy (legal means to enforce a right). That is because social invitations are not intended to create legal obligations.
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What does legal mean?

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Before making a contract, parties will often discuss it. The parties often bargain to reach mutually acceptable terms. Sometimes one party may state tentative terms, inviting other parties to make offers. Advertisements in newspapers and magazines, on radio or TV, or in catalogs or direct mailings are generally invitations to others to make offers. They are not offers themselves. A person who advertises something for sale cannot be expected to sell to the thousands who theoretically might reply to the advertisement. Perhaps the seller has only a limited number of items. However, most business firms attempt to deliver merchandise as advertised to all who want to buy.
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Are advertisements in newspapers and TV always offers?