Вопрос № 1059487 - Английский язык

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By applying a potential difference (voltage) from a battery or other source between the plate and cathode of a diode, an electric field is established within the tube. The lines of force of this field always extend from the negatively charged element to the positively charged element. Electrons, being negative electric charges, follow the direction of the lines of force in an electric field.

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Electromagnetism
1. Electricity and magnetism combine to form one of the fundamental forces of the universe – electromagnetism. The two constantly interact, and the relationship between them is one of the most important in physics. For example, an electric current passing through a wire creates a magnetic field; and if the lines of force around a magnet are cut by a passing object, an electric current will be produced.
2. Magnets are attracted to iron and to any material that contains iron. Magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole. Unmagnetized iron and steel have magnetic regions of atoms called domains that are jumbled up and point in lots of different directions. When iron or steel becomes magnetized, the domains become aligned and they all point in the same direction. One end of each domain points toward the magnetic north pole.
3. Electronics is a new branch of physics, and one that plays an increasingly important part in our lives. It is concerned with the use of electricity to produce signals that carry information and control devices such as computers. These devices contain electric circuits through which electric current flows. The controlling parts in a circuit are called components, and these include diodes and transistors. Components can amplify currents, switch them on and off, or change their direction.
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Matter in the plasma _______ has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons.

Once Walt Irvine and his wife Madge, who lived in a small cottage in the mountains, found a dog. He was thin and weak, but he did not let them touch him. He ate the food they gave him only after they had gone away. But when he was strong again, he disappeared.
A few months later, when Irvine was in a train between California and Oregon, he looked out of the window and saw his dog running along the road, two hundred and thirty miles away from home. He got off the train at the nearest station, bought a piece of meat, caught the dog and took him home again. So Wolf, as they called him, came a second time to the mountain cottage. There he was tied up for a week.
To win him became a problem, but Irvine liked problems. At the end of the week he tied a piece of thin bright metal round the dog’s neck with the words: RETURN TO WALT IRVINE, GLEN ELLEN CALIFORNIA. Then the dog was allowed to go, and he disappeared. A day later came a telegram. The dog was reported to have run over hundred miles to the north. Wolf was still going when caught.
This time he was sent back by express train. He was tied up for three days, and was allowed to go on the fourth. And he disappeared again. As soon as he was given freedom he always ran north. He was always brought back weak and always ran away fresh and strong.
At last the dog decided to stay at the cottage, but Irvine and his wife had to wait a long time before they could touch him. When at last he let them do it, they said it was a great victory. The man and woman loved the dog very much.
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One day a train was traveling through the English countryside. That was in the days when trains had small compartments, and in one particular compartment there were four people. There was a young girl, quite pretty, who looked like a student or someone who was starting her first job; there was an old lady, dressed in black with bags and magazines and knitting; there was an army officer in his mid-thirties, dressed in his uniform and proper in his manners; and finally there was a young cockney, casually dressed with sparkle in his eyes and ever ready to have a joke. It was quite obvious that both the men were attracted to the young girl, though they didn’t show it.
Suddenly the train went into a tunnel; the lights had not been on, so for half a minute the carriage was in complete darkness, and in the darkness came the sound of a large kiss followed almost immediately by a loud slap. What took place while the train was in the tunnel? When the train finally emerged and it was light again in the carriage, everybody saw the officer with a bleeding nose and a swollen eye.
And the old lady, seeing that, thought to herself: ‘What a brave young lady, who dared to hit the officer for stealing a kiss in such a cowardly way!’ And the young girl, seeing the suffering of the officer, was puzzled: ‘How strange”, she thought, ‘that the officer kissed the young old lady not me!’
The poor officer, having two injuries that caused him more than a little pain and embarrassment, considered to himself: ‘That cockney’s quite a clever chap! He kissed the girl and the girl hit me!’
And the cockney laughed silently to himself at the trick he had played. “I am a clever chap”, he thought to himself. ‘I kissed the back of my hand, hit the officer in the face and nobody said a word!’
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Mr. Black was on holiday in Scotland and he was staying at Fernie Castle Hotel which used to be just Fernie Castle when it was built 600 years ago. He went to bed after a good meal, and he was falling asleep when he heard someone knocking at the door. He got up, turned on the light and went to the door, but there was no one there. He decided it had been a dream or just imagination. Some minutes later he heard the knock again. He opened the door again, but there was no one there. Mr.Black wasn’t frightened but he was worried a little because he was staying by himself in a very old castle where he hadn’t been before. So he locked the door and went to bed but he left the light on, and nothing else happened that night.
When Mr. Black went down to breakfast he didn’t say anything about the knock he had heard. And all the other guests in the dining-room looked quite normal and nobody looked like the person who could knock at the door in the middle of the night. So he forgot about it.
The next night there was no knocking at the door but in the middle of the night Mr. Black woke up because he heard some noises and he saw a woman standing in the middle of the room. He got a bit frightened. Of course, everybody would. The woman was wearing a green dress with a high neck and she was looking at Mr. Black. When he turned on the light, she disappeared. And this time Mr. Black was really very worried and he couldn’t sleep that night.
The next morning Mr. Black told the owner of the hotel that he had seen a woman in his room the night before and the owner said: “Was she wearing a green dress?” And Mr. Black said: “Yes. Was she one of the staff?” And the owner said: “No, but many people have seen this woman, though I haven’t seen her myself. People say that she is supposed to be the wife of a man who ran away with her to get married, and her father didn’t want her to marry that man, so they hid in a small room of the West Tower of Fernie Castle. But her father’s men found the room where they were hiding and there was a terrible fighting. And somehow while she was trying to run away, she fell out of the window and fell on the stone courtyard below and died. Now her ghost walks about the castle and appears in people’s bedrooms with a sad expression, never says anything and sometimes knocks at doors. And that’s probably what you saw last night. Or you had too much champagne the night before.”
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