Вопрос № 1006901 - Английский язык

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Agriculture in the United Kingdom accounts for less than 2 percent of the gross national product (GNP) and employs some 2 percent of the work force. Farming is highly mechanized, though farms are not extremely large, and is dominated by the raising of sheep and cattle. The United Kingdom is not agriculturally self-sufficient. Chief crops include barley, wheat, sugar beets, and potatoes.

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Agriculture in the United Kingdom accounts for less than 2 percent of the gross national product (GNP) and employs some 2 percent of the work force. Farming is highly mechanized, though farms are not extremely large, and is dominated by the raising of sheep and cattle. The United Kingdom is not agriculturally self-sufficient. Chief crops include barley, wheat, sugar beets, and potatoes.

Almost all Britain’s wheat crop is «winter wheat» which is sown in the autumn. Because of the dampness of the climate it is of the type known as «soft wheat», in contrast to the «hard wheat» produced in other countries, as the USA or Canada. Since bread made only from soft wheat is of lower quality and slightly grey in colour it is customary to use flour of which about 70 per cent has been made from «hard» imported wheat. Soft wheat, however, is excellent for making biscuits. About one-third of the wheat crop is normally used for flour milling, and about one-third for animal feed.
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Barley grows best under the same conditions as wheat. It is much more adaptable as far as soil, temperature and rainfall are concerned, and requires a shorter ripening period. That is why areas devoted to barley and wheat roughly coincide, but barley is also grown in cooler, more northerly districts of eastern Scotland and in moister regions in Ireland.
Barley is used principally for fodder (40 per cent). But a certain kind of barley is particularly suitable for the production of beer and whisky (15 per cent).
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Although oats are more tolerant of poor soils and cool damp conditions the area under this crop is gradually decreasing. This is largely because it is being required less and less to feed horses as mechanization takes over on the farms. Oats tend to be used in the areas in which they are grown. In England, Wales and Ireland their chief use is as winter feed for cattle. Scotland is one of the few countries in which oats are cultivated for human consumption, to make porridge, oatcakes, etc.
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Sheep no longer play such an important part in British agriculture as they did in the past, when there was a steady export of wool to the continent of Europe. Nowadays they are in general numerous only on the land which is unsuitable for other types of farming. Although lamb production is the main source of income for sheep farmers, wool is also important.
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