Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами The first semiconductor 1_______...: ответ на тест 347354 - Английский язык

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The first semiconductor 1______________ was invented in 1948. It meant another important advance in the development of 2_____________. Semiconductors possess a number of valuable advantages over electron vacuum 3______________, - miniature dimensions and high reliability. Thus electronics 4______________ the study of electron motion in solids. The realm of electronics widened still more. This opened up other fields of application for electronics.

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The first semiconductor 1______________ was invented in 1948. It meant another important advance in the development of 2_____________. Semiconductors possess a number of valuable advantages over electron vacuum 3______________, - miniature dimensions and high reliability. Thus electronics 4______________ the study of electron motion in solids. The realm of electronics widened still more. This opened up other fields of application for electronics.

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A laser is a quantum electronic 1______________. It is a machine for making and concentrating light 2______________ into a very intense beam. The letters LASER stand for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The light 3______________ by a laser is much more intense than ordinary light. With ordinary light, all the light waves are of 4_____________ lengths. With lasers, all the light waves are of the same length, and this increases the intensity.

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The laser beam is 1_____________ by exciting the atoms of a suitable material - ruby is one - until most of the atoms have electrons orbiting in a higher energy level than usual. The excitation is then stopped and all the excited electrons fall back together, to their 2______________ orbits, each one emitting a pulse of light of the same energy. In this way an intense beam of light is generated for a very short time. And every pulse or wave-train in this beam is in step with every other3______________  . In this way a beam of light is obtained which is both monochromatic and coherent and easy to focus. This light is reflected by the mirror at one end of the tube. It can only escape at the other 4______________ of the tube.

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Lasers are widely used in 1_______________. In Moscow an All-Union Centre for Using Lasers in Surgery has been set up. The first step was made in 1970 by 2_____________ A. Vishnevsky who used a small-capacity 3______________ installation experimenting on animals. Russian scientists have produced Scalpel-1 installation which is widely used in our 4_____________ and is exported to many other countries.

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Lasers are used in 1________________ and in agriculture. Russian scientists have developed a 2______________ instrument - the laser projection 3_______________ (the work received the USSR State Prize). The tremendous brightness of laser radiation 4________________ it possible to project clear images of microobjects onto large screens, magnified 15,000 times.