Вопрос № 1072642 - Английский язык

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Orientation and construction of buildings should receive special attention in places where environmental and climatic factors have a significant effect. Structural design, style and materials should be compatible with local climatic and weather conditions. For example, flat roofs should be avoided in areas with frequent rainfalls. Snow and wind are variable loads that should be taken into account while designing a structure and its roof. Tall buildings are not recommended in places where strong winds, humidity or fog are likely and bring damage.
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Structural design, style and materials should be compatible with …

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Classification and design of walls are divided into two categories: external and internal construction. 1_______. The function of external walls is to support the upper floors and roof. The units employed for construction of walls are brick, timber, or stone. 2_______. Their main function is dividing the space of the construction. 3_______. Their next function may be to transmit floor/ roof loads to a foundation. 4_______.

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The ancient Romans discovered a mineral on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius. The mineral when mixed with limestone and burned, produced cement, that hardened under water as well as in the air. 1_______. As time passed, the new material not only became the preferred type for use in all their buildings projects but changed the character of Roman construction. Masonry of stone or brick was used to construct only the surfaces of masonry piers and walls but the interiors were filled with large amounts of the new type of mortar.
We now know that mortar continued the main ingredient of modern Portland cement. 2_______. With the fall of the Roman Empire, knowledge of concrete construction was lost. 3_______. In 1824 an artificial cement, named Portland cement, was patented. 4_______.

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Windows were formerly made on the job site by highly skilled carpenters, but are now produced almost exclusively in factories. 1_______.Windows need to be made to a very high standard of precision if they are to operate easily and maintain a high degree of weather tightness over a period of many years. In cold climates especially, a loosely fitted window with single glass and a frame that is highly conductive of heat will significantly increase heating consumption for a building, cause noticeable discomfort to the people in the building, and create large quantities of condensate to stain and decay finish materials in and around the window.
2_______. Single-hung and double-hung windows have one or two moving sashes, which are the frames in which the glass is mounted. 3_______. A sliding window is essentially a single-hung window. 4_______.

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The plant where high-density polyethylene pipe is being manufactured needed repairs to its pipe storage area. The repairs became necessary because the stone layer did not shed water and it caused cracks. The cracking of the storage pavement area made it necessary to stabilize the site.
So it became necessary for engineers to look for a way that would be economical and would not require shutting down the operating area of the plant. After testing a number of alternatives, it was decided to use polypropylene fibres for the purpose. It was found out that when being mixed with soil the fibres produce the necessary stability. The way the engineers proposed turned out to be economical and quite successful.
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The repairs became necessary because …

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The fibre reinforced polymer bridge deck is a newly-invented arrangement. It is made up of composite materials. They are extremely useful since, because of their composition, they have a wide range of application. Compared with other conventional materials they can solve a much greater number of problems.
One of the advantages of the bridge deck is that it is highly resistant to corrosion and fatigue. The material it is made up of is very easy to transport; it also allows rapid installation using lighter equipment and much less manpower. Holes are easily cut in the deck. They can be closed out to accommodate the same drainage scuppers that are used on conventional decks.
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One of the advantages of the bridge deck is that it is highly resistant to …