Вопрос № 607057 - Английский язык

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To determine blood groups, there is a method of extracting a chemical from human blood which, when mixed with a sample of the blood in question will react in a particular way according to the blood group. However, to get enough of the solution a great deal of human blood is required. But fortunately, snails’ eggs, which are the size of a pinhead, contain the same chemical – in fact, the blood of five donors would be required to supply the same amount of the chemical as is found one of the snail’s eggs.

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Blood is the red fluid that circulates through the body by way of the blood vessels. The adult human body contains between 5 and 6 quarts of blood, weighing about 7 to 8 pounds and accounting for about 5% of the body weight. If about one-third of the blood is lost, death usually occurs (unless the blood is replaced). A pint of blood, however, can be readily spared at proper intervals. Blood in the arteries is bright red in color; blood in the veins is much darker, sometimes a brownish red.
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Before machines were invented, shoes like the ones we wear today took a long time to make. In 1846, Elias Howe made a strong sewing machine, and then, in 1858, Lyman Blake changed this machine so it could sew shoes. In 1875, Goodyear Welt made a new machine for making shoes quickly. It was called the Goodyear Welt sewing machine. With this machine Goodyear made cheap shoes from rubber. Nowadays we remember Goodyear because he has made other things with rubber.
Today, people wear shoes made from animal skins, cloth, rubber, and plastic. Shoes have come a long way from the first skin and leaf shoes – and with new machines, they will change a lot more.

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Probably since the time of the first humans, people have eaten honey made by bees. For many thousands of years, they took the honey from bees’ nests in trees without understanding very much about the lives of bees. Slowly, however, people realized that it would be simpler to keep bees than to have to try to find their nests. At first they kept them in hollow parts of trees or small clay containers which they hung from the trees. Nowadays in most countries they are kept in wooden hives.

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Heat causes liquids to expand. This effect is used in the 1_______. An increase in air temperature 2_______ the liquid to expand in the heat sensor. This expansion causes the valve to close and consequently the 3_______ of hot water is reduced.
After a time, the temperature will go down and the liquid will cool and contract. The spring load will now be greater than the liquid pressure and the valve will open. Once again, the hot water flow 4_______.

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Exploration for oil around the Scottish shores has become a very big 1_______. This is an account of how oil is extracted from beneath the North Sea.
To get the oil out, four production problems will be used: huge structures, three made of concrete and one of 2_______, designed to work for 25 years or more. Instead of floating, they are planted firmly on the sea bed and designed to stand up to the worst of sea and weather. From each platform a series of holes is 3_______, some going almost straight down, others drilled at an 4_______ away from the platform so that a large volume of oil can be extracted. The oil does not lie there like a great swimming pool full of black liquid, it is trapped in small spaces between the porous rocks. To get as much as possible out many separate holes have to be drilled.