Вопрос № 284147 - Английский язык

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Another type of rectifier is represented by various kinds of two-electrode valves, or diodes. These consist of a glass tube or bulb containing an electron-emmiting member (the cathode) and an electrode (called the anode) which collects the emitted electrons and causes a flow of current so long as it is positive with respect to the cathode. The cathode heater is supplied with a suitable voltage from the transformer secondary to provide the heating necessary for the emission of electrons.

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A diode is a two-element electron tube that consists of a cathode and an anode or plate acting as an electron collector. By applying a positive voltage to the plate of a diode, an electric field is established between cathode and plate that attracts electrons emitted from the cathode to the plate.

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Radio waves, light, X-rays, and some cosmic rays — they all belong to the same family. They travel at the velocity of light.
The wave has both electric and magnetic components which are bound together. At the end of its travel the wave gives up energy. The ether waves are those we know as wireless waves.
When the waves are too long they are "seen" as infra-red, when they are too short they are "seen" as ultra-violet. Shorter than thе ultra-violet are X-rays and far shorter than the shortest of these  are the  "gamma"  rays,  and  finally the cosmic rays.

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An electroscope is a sensitive instrument for detecting small electric charges. It consists of a glass-jar closed with a stopper of insulting material in which is fitted a varnished glass-tube. A rod passes through the tube. At the top of the rod there is a metal ball or disc and at the bottom of the rod two pieces of gold leaf are suspended. When a charge is brought near the electroscope, a charge of opposite sign is induced on the metal ball, and a charge of the same sign appears on the two of the gold leaves. Since, the two pieces of gold leaf now have charges of like sign they repel each other.

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A basic law of electricity states that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Electrons emitted from the cathode of an electron tube are negative electric charges. These charges may be either attracted to or repelled from the plate of a diode tube, depending on whether the plate is positively or negatively charged.

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The cloud of electrons formed in the space between cathode and the plate is called space charge. The space charge is negative and hence has a repelling effect on electrons emitted from the cathode. The amount of the plate current depends on the space charge and the relative strength of the electric field set up by the positive plate voltage.