Вопрос № 1072272 - Английский язык

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Tractors occupy an important place on the farm as a source of power. On many farms they, together with trucks or trailers, have entirely displaced horses for farm work. An advantage of tractors power over the horse is that tractor can be used continuously for heavy work. In addition to pulling implements like ploughs and cultivators, a tractor may be used with implements for bush-cleaning, ditch-filling and land-leveling. Small tractors from 1 to 10 horse-power, fitted with single-or twin cylinder petrol engines, may be used for garden and orchard work.

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Farm tractors may be divided into two groups: wheeled and track-laying. 1_______.Standard wheeled tractors are used for general farm work and do not have the special features associated with row-crop tractors. 2_______.But in addition they are so specially designed for working on root.
Track-laying tractors have the great advantage that they can be used for heavy loads on almost any class of land. 3_______. But their greater initial cost and their maintenance may outweigh this advantage. The crawler is, however, the more efficient type of tractor. 4_______.

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Many different groups of organisms attack plants parasitically. Nematode worms of microscopic size often invade plants, and living parasitically therein, cause serious disease in roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, and leaves. Highly infectious diseases of the virus type are now recognized to be among the most serious that affect plants; they are often transmitted by insects. The fungi include an immense number of forms parasitic on plants which are often extremely injurious. The diseases most to be feared are those which are epidemic in character, i.e. those which develop almost simultaneously and universally throughout a crop.
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Highly infectious diseases of the virus type are often transmitted …

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A decisive factor for securing yields is the protection of agricultural crops. Day by day cultivated plants and supplies in store rooms are threatened by thousands of pests and disease pathogens. Every year millions of tons of produce are lost and plants and animals are retarded in growth and development or the products derived from these organisms are affected both quantitatively and qualitatively. Control of these pests must become the greatest task for all scientists, technical engineers and farmers responsible for the production of agricultural products.
What is meant by a pest or a disease pathogen? They are animal or plant organisms which damage either cultivated plants or the products derived there from. They directly or indirectly influence the health of a man and domestic and useful animals.
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Control of the pests must become the greatest task for all scientists, technical engineers and farmers responsible for …

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Nearly all the field crops grown on the farms are planted by machines called planters or drills. These machines cut furrows in the soil, drop seeds into each furrow, and cover the seeds with soil – all in one operation. Some fertilizers and pesticides are applied to the soil during planting. Equipment to distribute the chemicals may be attached to the seed drill. Herbicides applied before or during planting kill many kinds of weeds, but not all. Some weeds may develop with the crops. Farmers control such weeds with cultivators. These devices stir the soil between rows and so uproot and bury any weeds.
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Some fertilizers and pesticides are …

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The Roman Empire began as a country of small farms on the Italian peninsula before 500 B.C. By the A.D. 200s the Romans had developed new farming methods, e.g. systems of crop rotation. The selective breeding of plants and livestock began in Europe during Roman times, too. During the Middle Ages European farmers invented a three-field system of crop rotation during the Middle Ages. In many areas, it replaced the Roman two-field system. On most European farms horses gradually replaced oxen as the chief source of power. Many special-purpose livestock breeds were developed.
The European voyages of discovery that began in the 1400s greatly affected agriculture throughout the world. In various parts of the Americas, Indian farmers grew cocoa beans, corn, peanuts, peppers, rubber trees, sweet potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes.
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On most European farms horses gradually replaced …