Вопрос № 223873 - Английский язык

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Louis Pasteur was born in 1822. He was a prominent French chemist, one of the founders of modern microbiology.
His research work helped much to establish the field of bacteriology. In his early years Pasteur devoted his energies to the discovery of microorganisms in wine and beer production. He introduced the idea of heat sterilization (pasteurization) for these products and milk too.
In later life he became interested in hydrophobia. Working in this field he developed the principle that viral pathogenic properties could be attenuated by passing the virus through the body of a proper animal. On the basis of these observations he developed a vaccine for hydrophobia.
Continuing his investigation L. Pasteur discovered the method to prevent some infectious diseases by introducing attenuated causative agents. This method is known as vaccination. It has helped to fight against many infectious diseases.
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In later life he became interested in _______.

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The value of heat for the preservation of foods has been known for thousands of years, but it was not realized until the 19th century that a very mild heat treatment, far below the boiling-point, made liquid foods such as milk keep much longer. The discovery followed the work of the French scientist Pasteur on wine and beer. The process, called after him «pasteurization», is a carefully controlled mild-heat treatment. It was found that the process served two purposes: it prevented the souring of milk, and it destroyed the dangerous disease germs which occur in some samples of milk.
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Thomas Edison (1847-1931). Because of him, the millennium will end in a wash of brilliant light rather than in torchlit of darkness as it began. In 1879, Thomas Edison gave humans the power to create light without fire, by inventing a long-lasting incandescent lamp. Among life’s many conveniences we can take for granted, thanks in part to him: copies, radio, movies, TV, phones (he improved Bell’s). On the night after his funerals, Americans dimmed their lights for the man who lit up the world.

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Omar Khayyam. When Malik Shah, the king of Persia, decided to make a new calendar for his people in the year 1079, he asked the famous mathematician and astronomer Omar Khayyam to help. Through careful mathematical calculations, Khayyam measured the length of the year as 365.24219858156 days. This was a very accurate measure. (We now know that a year is 365.242196 days.)

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Hypatia of Alexandria. Hypatia lived in Alexandria, Egypt from about AD 370 to AD 415. She was well-known for explaining difficult ideas very clearly and simply. Her work in geometry - the mathematics of shapes - helped mathematicians who lived much later to understand the movements of the planets in space. This may help people get to Mars one day!

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Philip Emeagwali. Philip Emeagwali, a Nigerian, left school at fourteen because his family couldn’t afford to pay. He continued studying on his own. At seventeen, he passed an exam and was invited to study in the USA. In 1990, while studying, he used mathematics to predict the location of oil under the ground. He helped people in Nigeria find oil. And everyone knows that oil = money!