Вопрос № 223167 - Английский язык

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Internet access companies or Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide physical connections that allow you to access the Internet. These connections are called “POPs”, which stands for “points of presence”.
Your computer uses a modem to dial into a POP, which connects you to the Internet. Once connected to a POP, you have access to all the resources of the Internet. Most ISPs will also supply you with software available for work in the Internet: a Web browser.

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The customary way of using e-mail is by getting the service from your Internet Service Provider. Most ISPs offer you several e-mail accounts and the software to access them as part of their connections package. This is called POP mail. The only time you need to be online is to retrieve or send new messages. You can read and write the replies while you are disconnected from the Internet, saving lots of time and expense.

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Most countries have a wide range of ISPs (Internet Service Providers) on offer, so it is best to shop around before you choose one. You should look for an ISP with a local telephone number or you will be paying long-distance telephone call rates. In addition, you will need a supportive company to start with, one that gives you all the software, help setting it up, at least one e-mail account and perhaps even free space to have your own site on the World Wide Web. And that's really all you need to become a part of the online community.

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So how did this modern wonder come into existence? In a nutshell, the first version of the Internet was started during the 1960s in the United States as ARPAnet, a defence department network. One computer was linked to another to share information. Gradually, more computers were added to the network, and people began to send simple messages over the network to distant colleagues. This, at that time, incredible communications platform was adopted by the academic community and, with vast improvements added by European computer wizards, became the friendly tool we refer to as the Internet today.

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As a form of international communication, the Internet has been in constant expansion since 1973, when the ARPAnet was first connected to the United Kingdom and Norway. Much of northern Europe was connected to the Net in the early 1980s. Japan and Canada soon followed suit. A special link was established between Germany and China at about the same time. And then in the late 1980s the real growth began as Australia, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand and Puerto Rico joined the Net.

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Videoconferencing: This is communicating via a live video link over the Internet. Conferencing and telephony applications usually cost no more to use than a local phone call, whether you are speaking to someone across town or on the other side of the world. However, they require a very fast, stable connection to the Net, special software; and of course, a video camera, microphone and speakers. Teachers have been making active use of this technology for several years now, especially in distance education and cross-curricular project work.