Вопрос № 1072692 - Английский язык

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US Constitution
1. The US Constitution was adopted in 1787 after the War of Independence. A constitution is a set of customs, traditions, rules and laws that sets forth the basic way a government is organized and functions. It is very important to understand that having a constitution does not mean that a nation has a constitutional government. If a constitution makes it possible to concentrate power by one or few, it is not the basis of a constitutional government. If a constitution says that the government’s power should be limited but doesn’t mention the ways how to do it, it is not the basis for a constitutional government.
2. In a constitutional government the constitution is a form higher law that must be obeyed by everyone including those in power.
The US Constitution consists of 7 articles and 26 amendments. According to the Founders of the American state a constitution or higher law should have the following characteristics:
    it sets forth the basic rights of citizens to life, liberty, and property;
    it establishes the responsibility of the government to protect those rights;
    it establishes limitations on how those in government use their powers with regard to citizens’ rights and responsibilities, the distribution of resources, the control of conflict;
    it establishes the principle of a private domain – which means that there are areas of citizens’ lives that are no business of the government and in which the government cannot interfere;
    it can be changed with the consent of the most citizens. This is how the Constitution differs from the ordinary law that governments regularly create and enforce. The US Constitution has 26 amendments, the first 10 are called the Bill of Rights and it was adopted in 1791. The Bill enumerated basic freedoms and guaranteed them and declared what the government was not allowed to do.
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How can the US Constitution be changed?

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US Constitution
1. The US Constitution was adopted in 1787 after the War of Independence. A constitution is a set of customs, traditions, rules and laws that sets forth the basic way a government is organized and functions. It is very important to understand that having a constitution does not mean that a nation has a constitutional government. If a constitution makes it possible to concentrate power by one or few, it is not the basis of a constitutional government. If a constitution says that the government’s power should be limited but doesn’t mention the ways how to do it, it is not the basis for a constitutional government.
2. In a constitutional government the constitution is a form higher law that must be obeyed by everyone including those in power.
The US Constitution consists of 7 articles and 26 amendments. According to the Founders of the American state a constitution or higher law should have the following characteristics:
    it sets forth the basic rights of citizens to life, liberty, and property;
    it establishes the responsibility of the government to protect those rights;
    it establishes limitations on how those in government use their powers with regard to citizens’ rights and responsibilities, the distribution of resources, the control of conflict;
    it establishes the principle of a private domain – which means that there are areas of citizens’ lives that are no business of the government and in which the government cannot interfere;
    it can be changed with the consent of the most citizens. This is how the Constitution differs from the ordinary law that governments regularly create and enforce. The US Constitution has 26 amendments, the first 10 are called the Bill of Rights and it was adopted in 1791. The Bill enumerated basic freedoms and guaranteed them and declared what the government was not allowed to do.
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According to the US Constitution the rights of citizens to life, liberty, and property …

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The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), maintained by the federal government, is Canada’s national police force. The RCMP enforces many federal statutes, with particular emphasis on criminal and narcotics laws.
The provinces of Ontario and Quebec have their own police forces.
Some municipalities employ a local police force. Where no municipal force exists, local services are provided by either the federal or the provincial force.

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The police have many functions in the legal process. Though they are mainly concerned with criminal law, they may also be used to enforce judgments made in civil courts. As well as gathering information for offences to be prosecuted in the courts, the police have wide powers to arrest, search and question people suspected of crimes and to control the actions of members of the public during public demonstrations and assemblies. In some countries, the police have judicial functions, for example, they may make a decision as to guilt in a driving offense and impose a fine, without the involvement of a court, in Britain, when someone is found in possession of marijuana, the police may confiscate it and issue a formal warning rather than refer the matter to a court.
The mere presence of the police is a factor in deterring people from committing, offences.

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Many controversies cannot be settled by the parties or by arbitration. When other methods for resolving conflicts and controversies cannot or have not succeeded there must be an ultimate method for accomplishing this goal. Our system of government has selected courts for this purpose. Courts settle controversies between persons and between persons and the state.
The role of law applied by the court to the facts as found by the jury or court produces a decision that settles the controversy. Although there are obviously other agencies of government that resolve controversies, it is peculiar to our system that for final decision all controversies may ultimately end up in court.

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It happened in America not longer after its colonization by the Spaniards. A Spaniard stole an Indian’s horse. 1_______. The Indian applied to the court and brought witnesses who could testify it was his horse. 2_______. The Indian knew this, and he invented a trick how to deceive the judge. 3_______. The judge at once noticed that the Indian had something under his arm and decided the case in the Indian’s favour. He ordered the horse to be returned to the Indian and punished the Spaniard for theft. 4_______. The Indian showed him the stone and told it was meant for the judge in case he would had decided in Spaniard’s favour. It was a good lesson for the bad judge, and he gave up the habit of taking bribes.