Вопрос № 911577 - Английский язык

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The level of medical service both in Britain and the USA is very high. Every employed citizen is obliged to pay weekly a certain amount of money to the National Health Service. The sum necessary to run medical services is very big and a large part of it comes not from weekly forms payment but from taxes. Various forms of Medical Insurance are widespread in these countries.
Everything is paid. For example, in the USA if you turn to a city hospital, you should pay at least $50. Separately you will pay for a consultation, minimum $50–60 for a visit. A medicine will cost you another minimum $15–20. You should take a prescription for purchase of many drugs in American drugstores.
However you can take medical service free of charge in medical institutions attached to different charity and religious organizations. Thus, the National Health Service (NHS), UK, provides free medical treatment for visitors from EU and Commonwealth countries and to visitors from other countries with reciprocal health arrangements.

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There is a state service in Britain called the National Health Service (NHS). Anyone can go see a GP and this costs nothing. (The service is free for foreigners too in an emergency.) If the doctor thinks you need some medicine, he writes you a prescription, which you take to the chemist’s. Most people have to pay a small charge for a prescription. Although medical treatment, including hospital treatment, costs NHS patients almost nothing, there are some problems: you often have to sit in crowded waiting rooms with a lot of ill people; doctors and nurses are overworked; people may have to wait for months for a minor operation because there aren’t enough hospital beds. People who have serious illnesses, however, get immediate medical treatment.

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The public health system of Belarus combines a variety of medical institutions. There are policlinics, hospitals and other curative and preventive institutions operating in towns and cities. Emergency aid is provided by physicians of emergency stations.
Local government authorities provide assistance for the elderly and the disabled.

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A private healthcare sector has emerged in Russia. There are private practices in the country. The state fund covers a basic healthcare package; however citizens who can afford private insurance can ensure that they receive the best medical care available. Private medical services include treatment by specialists, hospitalisation, prescriptions, pregnancy and childbirth and rehabilitation. The premises, equipment and personnel are funded by private insurance contributions.

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The healthcare system in Russia is divided into federal, regional and municipal administrative levels. All citizens are entitled by law to equal access to healthcare. Healthcare is free and available to all citizens and registered long-term residents.
The country has a large number of doctors, nurses, hospitals and other facilities. 30 % of the population receive primary care through work related clinics and hospitals. Employees and employers pay around 2 to 3 per cent of wages to a social tax for the state healthcare fund and then a small percentage of that money goes into the fund. Dependant family members are covered by the contributions paid by employed family members. The unemployed, old age pensioners and people on long-term sickness benefit are also entitled to free healthcare, with the state covering their contribution.

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1_______. We know him as the originator of the “germ theory” of disease. 2_______. Louis Pasteur produced the theory that disease and infection were caused by germs and he proved that they were spread through the air. 3_______.
Later he became interested in hydrophobia. He showed that viral pathogenic properties could be attenuated by passing the virus through the body of a proper animal. 4_______.