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Вопрос № 106911 - Английский язык

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             The Dichotomy of Inpatient and Outpatient Internal Medicine
1. The hospital environment has transformed dramatically over the past few decades. In more recent times, emergency departments and critical care units have evolved to identify and manage critically ill patients, allowing them to survive formerly fatal diseases. There is increasing pressure to reduce the length of stay in the hospital and to manage complex disorders in the outpatient setting. This transition has been driven not only by efforts to reduce costs but also by the availability of new outpatient technologies, such as imaging and percutaneous infusion catheters for long-term antibiotics or nutrition, and by evidence that outcomes are often improved by minimizing inpatient hospitalization.
2. Hospitals now consist of multiple distinct levels of care, such as the emergency department, procedure rooms, overnight observation units, critical care units, and palliative care units, in addition to traditional medical beds. Clearly, one of the important challenges in internal medicine is to maintain continuity, of care and information flow during these transitions, which threaten the traditional one-to-one relationship between patient and physician.
3. In the current environment, teams of physicians, specialists, and other health care professionals have often replaced the personal interaction between doctor and patient. The patient can benefit greatly from effective collaboration among a number of health care professionals; however, it is the duty of the primary physician to provide cohesive guidance through an illness. In order to meet this challenge, the primary physician must be familiar with the techniques, skills, and objectives of specialist physicians and allied health professionals.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The problem of internal medicine today …
Варианты ответов
  • comes to existence because of necessity of providing a patient all necessary information for effective treatment
  • consists in the difficulty of cohesive guidance through an illness due to the development of the system of care in hospitals
  • consists in the fact that for effective treatment different qualified specialist physicians are needed
  • occurs in the fact that there appeared too many levels of care in hospitals
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Вопрос задал(а): Анонимный пользователь, 14 Май 2016 в 06:25
На вопрос ответил(а): Бунакова Мария, 14 Май 2016 в 06:25

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Вопрос № 992279

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             The Dichotomy of Inpatient and Outpatient Internal Medicine
1. The hospital environment has transformed dramatically over the past few decades. In more recent times, emergency departments and critical care units have evolved to identify and manage critically ill patients, allowing them to survive formerly fatal diseases. There is increasing pressure to reduce the length of stay in the hospital and to manage complex disorders in the outpatient setting. This transition has been driven not only by efforts to reduce costs but also by the availability of new outpatient technologies, such as imaging and percutaneous infusion catheters for long-term antibiotics or nutrition, and by evidence that outcomes are often improved by minimizing inpatient hospitalization.
2. Hospitals now consist of multiple distinct levels of care, such as the emergency department, procedure rooms, overnight observation units, critical care units, and palliative care units, in addition to traditional medical beds. Clearly, one of the important challenges in internal medicine is to maintain continuity, of care and information flow during these transitions, which threaten the traditional one-to-one relationship between patient and physician.
3. In the current environment, teams of physicians, specialists, and other health care professionals have often replaced the personal interaction between doctor and patient. The patient can benefit greatly from effective collaboration among a number of health care professionals; however, it is the duty of the primary physician to provide cohesive guidance through an illness. In order to meet this challenge, the primary physician must be familiar with the techniques, skills, and objectives of specialist physicians and allied health professionals.
Определите основную идею текста.
Internal medicine has nowadays the problem of maintaining continuity of care and information flow during the transitions of the patient through multiple levels of care affecting the outcome of an illness.
The hospital environment has transformed dramatically over the past few decades enabling doctors to cure even for formerly fatal diseases due to new advances in outpatient treatment technologies.
At present teams of physicians, specialists, and other health care professionals have often replaced the personal interaction between doctor and patient, though the patient can benefit greatly from this effective collaboration.
In the current environment one can witness the transition of inpatient to outpatient internal medicine due to new outpatient technologies, though the complication of  levels of care while this transition gives rise to some serious problems.

Вопрос № 992261

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             The Dichotomy of Inpatient and Outpatient Internal Medicine
1. The hospital environment has transformed dramatically over the past few decades. In more recent times, emergency departments and critical care units have evolved to identify and manage critically ill patients, allowing them to survive formerly fatal diseases. There is increasing pressure to reduce the length of stay in the hospital and to manage complex disorders in the outpatient setting. This transition has been driven not only by efforts to reduce costs but also by the availability of new outpatient technologies, such as imaging and percutaneous infusion catheters for long-term antibiotics or nutrition, and by evidence that outcomes are often improved by minimizing inpatient hospitalization.
2. Hospitals now consist of multiple distinct levels of care, such as the emergency department, procedure rooms, overnight observation units, critical care units, and palliative care units, in addition to traditional medical beds. Clearly, one of the important challenges in internal medicine is to maintain continuity, of care and information flow during these transitions, which threaten the traditional one-to-one relationship between patient and physician.
3. In the current environment, teams of physicians, specialists, and other health care professionals have often replaced the personal interaction between doctor and patient. The patient can benefit greatly from effective collaboration among a number of health care professionals; however, it is the duty of the primary physician to provide cohesive guidance through an illness. In order to meet this challenge, the primary physician must be familiar with the techniques, skills, and objectives of specialist physicians and allied health professionals.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
It would be better for a primary physician to be aware of the course of treatment.
The longer the patient stays under inpatient hospitalization, the sooner he recovers.
Nowadays patients and doctors have the possibility to interact face to face more frequently.
New advances in medicines enable to reduce the terms of inpatient hospitalization.

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Вопрос № 107171

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                                                    Agriculture
1. Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. Agriculture is also observed in certain species of ant and termite, but generally speaking refers to human activities.
2. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming; pastoral herding on rangeland is still the most common means of raising livestock. In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming.
3. Modern agronomy, plant breeding, pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry such as intensive pig farming have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal cruelty and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
Agricultural lands always need water supply.
The appearance of agriculture was affected by the development of civilization.
Modern agricultural techniques promote human health.
The development of agriculture influenced the way people lived.

Вопрос № 107172

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                                                    Agriculture
1. Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. Agriculture is also observed in certain species of ant and termite, but generally speaking refers to human activities.
2. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming; pastoral herding on rangeland is still the most common means of raising livestock. In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming.
3. Modern agronomy, plant breeding, pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry such as intensive pig farming have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal cruelty and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.
Определите основную идею текста.
Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.
The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies.
Nowadays there are a lot of effective agricultural technologies providing high yields and increase of the output of meat but at the same time some of them damage people’s health and ecology.
People began to do agriculture to provide themselves with additional food sources, but unfortunately modern agricultural technologies have both positive and negative effects on our environment and health.

Вопрос № 107249

He’s never late, and he’s never early; he always arrives right ________ time!
at
in
by
on

Вопрос № 107328

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Channels of Marketing
1. Individual consumers and corporate buyers are aware that thousands of goods and services are available through a very large number of diverse channel outlets. What they may not be well aware of is the fact that the channel structure, or the set of institutions, agencies, and establishments through which the product must move to get to them, can be amazingly complex.
2. Usually, institutions specializing in manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, and many other areas join forces in marketing channel arrangements to make possible the delivery of goods to industrial users or customers and to final consumers. The same is true for the marketing of services. For example, in the case of health care delivery, hospitals, laboratories, insurance companies, and drugstores combine efforts in an organized channel arrangement to ensure the delivery of a critical service.
3. Therefore, marketing channels can be viewed as sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption. Not only do marketing channels satisfy demand by supplying goods and services at the right place, quantity, quality, and price, but they also stimulate demand through the promotional activities of the units (e.g., retailers, manufacturers' representatives, sales offices, and wholesalers) comprising them.
4. The major focus of marketing channel management is on delivery. Producers of goods (including manufacturers of industrial and consumer goods, legislators, educational administrators and insurance companies) are individually capable of generating only form or structural utility for their «products».
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Marketing channels raise demand through the joint efforts of …
legislators, educational administrators and insurance companies
hospitals, laboratories, insurance companies
retailers, insurance companies and legislators
retailers, wholesalers and sales offices
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