Вопрос № 1072218 - Английский язык

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Heat is the energy possessed by a substance in the form of kinetic energy of molecular movement, rotation, and vibration. Usually measured in calories. Transmitted by conduction, convention and radiation. The chief observable, physical effects of a change in the heat content of a body may include rise in temperature; change of state from solid to liquid, solid to gas, and liquid to gas; expansion; and electrical effects.

It is known that at the moment t=0 the temperature of the body was T0. Let us place it into the environment with the temperature θ and believe that at any moment of the time the body is equally warmed by volume, the temperature of the environment is constant. The rate of change of the body temperature is proportional to the desired conditions with the proportionality coefficient k>0.
Determine the correspondence between the mathematical model, describing the action of heating (T0<θ) or cooling (T0>θ) of the body, correlation of temperatures and the kind of dependence:
1. T0 <θ, the rate of change of the body temperature is proportional to the difference of the current body temperature T(t) and the environment temperature θ;
2. T0 <θ, the rate of change of the body temperature is proportional to the difference of the initial body temperature and the environment temperature;
3. T0 >θ, the rate of change of the body temperature is proportional to the difference of the current body temperature and the environment temperature;
4. T0 >θ, the rate of change of the body temperature is proportional to the difference of the initial body temperature and the environment temperature.
Mathematical models:

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There are billions of stars in the universe. Stars are massive, energy-filled globes of fiery gases. The force of gravity holds these gases together. At a star’s core, atoms of hydrogen join together to form helium in a process called nuclear fusion. The energy generated by this process produces a star’s heat and light. Collections of stars are called galaxies, and each galaxy contains many different types of stars.

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Compound is a substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are joined together by chemical bonds. Because of these bonds, it is very difficult to split a compound into its individual elements. The type and number of bonds formed depend on the electrons (particles with a negative electrical charge) in each atom. The properties of a compound can be very different from those of the elements it contains. For example, the salt we use in our food is a harmless compound, yet it is made up of two dangerous elements – sodium, which reacts violently with air, and chlorine, which is poisonous in large quantities.

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A chemical reaction occurs when substances change into new substances. For this to happen, the bonds between atoms and molecules must break and re-form in different ways. Because the bonds can be strong, energy, usually in the form of heat, is often needed to start a reaction. The new substances have properties different from those of the original substances. Chemical reactions do not occur only in laboratories; they happen all around us – for example, when cars rust and when food is cooked.

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The Italian physicist Alessandro Volta was a pioneer in the development of electricity. 1_______. His work impressed the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him a count. 2_______. Volta also studied the properties of air. 3_______. This work was largely ignored, and the same idea was later advanced by others. 4_______.