Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос: What is a modern mill A modern mill is a vast enterprise wher...: ответ на тест 911842 - Английский язык

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What is the system of worm, band and chain conveyors, bucket elevators used for?
The system of worm, band and chain conveyors, bucket elevators is used for transport. Rollermills, plansifters, centrifugals are widely used for milling operations. All the processes continue simultaneously, and the stocks flow in endless streams from one group of machines to another. Special attention is given to the layout of mill building and their position in relation to each other. Our mills are equipped with an automatic signalling and light system to control and block motor starting and stopping, to indicate the grain and flour level in the bins. There is also a double way loudspeaking operative wiring for communication of all floors and a central Control room. All our designers meet various geographical and climatic conditions and besides that they always take into consideration wishes and tastes of the customers.

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Early Modernism
1.  With the Industrial Revolution, the availability of newly-available building materials such as iron, steel, and sheet glass drove the invention of new building techniques. In 1796, Shrewsbury mill owner Charles Bage first used his ‘fireproof’ design, which relied on cast iron and brick with flag stone floors. Such construction greatly strengthened the structure of mills, which enabled them to accommodate much bigger machines. Due to poor knowledge of iron's properties as a construction material, a number of early mills collapsed. It was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgkinson introduced the section beam, leading to widespread use of iron construction.
2.  This kind of austere industrial architecture utterly transformed the landscape of northern Britain, leading to the description of places like Manchester and parts of West Yorkshire as “Dark satanic mills”. The Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and glass construction, followed in 1864 by the first glass and metal curtain wall. A further development was that of the steel-framed skyscraper in Chicago around 1890 by William Le Baron Jenney and Louis Sullivan.
3. Around 1900 a number of architects and designers around the world began developing new solutions to integrate traditional precedents (classicism or Gothic, for instance) with new technological possibilities. The work of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago, Victor Horta in Brussels, Antoni Gaudi in Barcelona, and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, among many others, can be seen as a common struggle between old and new. The work of some of these were a part of what is broadly categorized as Art Nouveau ("New Art").
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Why was Charles Bage’s mill called fireproof?

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What is the system of worm, band and chain conveyors, bucket elevators used for?
The system of worm, band and chain conveyors, bucket elevators is used for transport. Rollermills, plansifters, centrifugals are widely used for milling operations. All the processes continue simultaneously, and the stocks flow in endless streams from one group of machines to another. Special attention is given to the layout of mill building and their position in relation to each other. Our mills are equipped with an automatic signalling and light system to control and block motor starting and stopping, to indicate the grain and flour level in the bins. There is also a double way loudspeaking operative wiring for communication of all floors and a central Control room. All our designers meet various geographical and climatic conditions and besides that they always take into consideration wishes and tastes of the customers.

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What are the three criteria that a miller has to consider?
The quality of flour is determined by the wheat from which it is milled and the efficiency and skill with which the milling operations are performed. A good wheat grist will produce a poor or unsatisfactory flour if the milling plant or the operation of it is at fault, but a poor wheat grist will yield poor flour even on the most modern and well-designed mill operated to the best advantage. The formulation of a good wheat blend is, therefore, the first necessary step in the production of good flour. The three criteria that a miller has to consider when compounding his wheat blend, apart from factors such as bushel weight and moisture content which influence milling behaviour, are protein content, protein quality and diastatic activity. The first two of these three factors jointly determine the physical properties of a dough made from the flour and hence the manner in which it responds to the manual and mechanical treatment it receives in the bakery and its ability to develop in the oven, while the third factor is an index of the power of the flour to produce a sugar from its starch.

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What are extracted in the wheat cleaning operations?
Most flour milling operations, apart from the grinding of wheat and mill stocks, consist of making separations between particles of different types. In the wheat cleaning operations that precede the milling process the straws, sand, foreign seeds and other impurities are extracted; in the milling process itself the wheat is broken down into bran on one hand and variously sized endosperm particles on the other; the bran must be separated from the endosperm, and the endosperm particles must themselves be classified according to their size. The objects of wheat cleaning are to remove all impurities and foreign seeds from the wheat before it is milled. A variety of different seeds and foreign bodies can be found in wheat. Some of the impurities are toxic to the human body, others are less harmful but may import a taint to the flour.

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What is the purpose of milling?
The purpose of milling is to separate the wheat endosperm (the source of flour) from the germ and the bran layers, and to reduce the endosperm chunks to a fine powder. In conventional milling processes this is accomplished by passing the wheat kernels and their products through a series of pairs of rolls and sieves. The initial sets of rolls break open the seed coat and strip out the friable endosperm.
Subsequent sets of rolls grind the products finer, or perform other essential functions such as flattering the germ which facilitates its separation from the endosperm. At each stage, stacks of screens separate the ground material into several streams. These streams may be further processed by grinding, they may be drawn off for seed, or they may be combined to yield flours of different qualities.
By selecting the proper streams, the miller can furnish flours of widely varying quality from the same wheat blend. Of course, the inherent quality of the wheat places an upper limit on the excellence of flour which can be obtained from it. Ordinarily, about 70 % of the wheat kernel, emerges as flour of some sort.