Вопрос № 1072404 - Английский язык

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The magistrates’ court is the most common type of law court in the United Kingdom. The court system is dependent upon the legal profession to make it work. England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. 1_______. Each branch has its own characteristic functions and a separate governing body.
The traditional picture of the English lawyer is that the solicitor is the general practitioner, confined mainly to the office. The solicitor is the legal adviser of the public. 2_______. The barrister is the specialist adviser much of whose time is taken up with court-room appearance. 3_______. In court, barristers wear wigs and gowns in keeping with the extreme formality of the proceedings.
4_______.

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Large Law firms are typically characterized as firms with fifty or more lawyers. 1_______:
– the firm usually has the resources to handle legal matters for public companies, governments 2_______;
– lawyers have high levels of expertise and have been educated at the most prestigious law schools;
– you are a strong opponent if 3_______;
– almost all large firms have offices in metropolitan areas. 4_______.

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Canada’s laws are interpreted and applied by the courts, which are presided over by judges whose independence is guaranteed. 1_______.
The court system of each province is generally divided into two levels. 2_______.
At the second level is the provincial Superior Court, which deals with the trial of the most serious criminal and civil cases. 3_______.
The Parliament of Canada established the Federal Court to deal with claims against the federal government.
4_______. This court hears appeals from the provincial and federal appeal courts. Its decision is always final.

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There are three separate judicial systems in the United Kingdom: that of England and Wales, that of Scotland, and that of Northern Ireland. The final court of appeal for all cases, except Scottish criminal cases, is the newly created Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. 1_______. The choice of the commission may be vetoed by the Lord Chancellor (a government minister). Members of the Supreme Court may be removed from office by Parliament, but only for misconduct. Judges may not sit or vote in either House of Parliament. 2_______.
Very serious offences are tried only by the Crown Court. The Crown Court sits in about 94 centers in England and Wales, many of them consisting of several courtrooms. The Old Bailey is the most famous Crown Court in Britain. 3_______. Appeals from the Crown Court are made to the Court of Appeal. Most minor civil cases are dealt with by 270 county courts. Magistrates courts form the lowest level of the criminal justice system. 4_______. Their main job is to deliver justice to people charged with less serious crimes.
A judge is a crucial figure in the trial system. He or she supervises the conduct of the trial and passes sentence on those who have been convicted. Judges are normally appointed from practicing barristers or solicitors and must have at least 10 years professional standing.

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A constitution is a political and ideological structure within which a system of laws operates. Most constitutions describe the fundamental rights of citizens. They usually include general declarations about freedom and equality (freedom of speech, freedom of religion).
It can be difficult to compare the legal freedoms of countries with different cultures and economic levels. But some comparison is possible since many countries have similar constitutional provisions and claim similar aims.
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Most constitutions describe the main …

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The Constitution of the United States guarantees basic rights in the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments, and in several additional amendments. But rights and responsibilities cannot be separated. As is often said, Liberty lies in the hearts of men and women; when it dies there, no constitution, no law, no court can save it. If people do not carry out their responsibilities as citizens, the whole society suffers.
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Liberty lies in the hearts of …