Вопрос № 1072174 - Английский язык

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Prior to the wide spread of PCs the computer that could fit on a desk was considered remarkably small. Today the phrase usually indicates a particular style of the computer case. Desktop computers come in a variety of styles ranging from large vertical tower cases to small form factor models that can be tucked behind LCD monitor. In this sense, the term “desktop” refers specifically to a horizontally-oriented case, usually intended to have the display screen placed on top to save space on the desk top. Most modern desktop computers have separate screens and keyboards.

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A pocket PC is a hardware specification for a handheld-sized computer (personal digital assistant) that runs Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system. It may have the capability to run an alternative operating system like NetBSD or Linux. It has many of the capabilities of modern desktop PCs.
Currently there are tens of thousands of applications for handhelds adhering to Microsoft Pocket PC specification, many of which are freeware. Some of these devices also include mobile phone features. Microsoft compliant Pocket PCs can also be used with many other add-ons like GPS receivers, barcode readers, RFID readers, and cameras.

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A PC may be a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a tablet computer.
A PC may be a home computer, or may be found in an office, often connected to a local area network (LAN). This is in contrast to the time-sharing models which allowed large expensive systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time, or large data processing systems which required a full-time staff to operate efficiently.

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A pocket PC is a hardware specification for a handheld-sized computer (personal digital assistant) that runs Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system. It may have the capability to run an alternative operating system like NetBSD or Linux. It has many of the capabilities of modern desktop PCs.
Currently there are tens of thousands of applications for handhelds adhering to Microsoft Pocket PC specification, many of which are freeware. Some of these devices also include mobile phone features. Microsoft compliant Pocket PCs can also be used with many other add-ons like GPS receivers, barcode readers, RFID readers, and cameras.

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An operating system (commonly abbreviated to either OS or O/S) is the interface between the computer hardware and the user; with the kernel which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the limited resources of the computer. 1_______. As the host, one of the purposes of the operating system is to handle the details of the operation of the hardware. 2_______. Almost all computers, including handheld computers, desktop computers, supercomputers, and even video game consoles, use an operating system of some type. Some of the oldest models may however use the embedded operating system, that may be contained on a compact disk or other data storage device.
Operating systems offer a number of services to application programs and users. 3_______. By invoking these interfaces, the application can request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation. 4_______.

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The defining feature of modern computers which distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can be programmed. 1_______.
In most cases, computer instructions are simple: add one number to another, move some data from one location to another, send a message to some external device, etc. 2_______. However, there are usually specialized instructions to tell the computer to jump ahead or backwards to some other place in the program and to carry on executing from there. 3_______. Furthermore, the “jump” instructions may be made to happen conditionally so that different sequences of instructions may be used depending on the result of some previous calculation or some external events. 4_______.