Вопрос № 605292 - Английский язык

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Road traffic is increasing worldwide. 1 _______. However, engineers are working on Advanced safety vehicles (ASVs) which will be much safer for drivers, other road users such as cyclists, and for pedestrians. 2 _______. ASVs will be equipped with electronic sensors to prevent accidents and to make it safer for people when accidents do happen. 3 _______. Others will warn drivers when they are too close to other vehicles.
4 _______. Electric motors are very efficient and produce no pollution, but they need heavy batteries and their range is limited with current technology. Hybrid cars have both a petrol engine and an electric motor. They save about 15% of fuel. They need batteries but they don’t have to be charged overnight as the motor acts as a generator when the car brakes. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is already used as a fuel. Cars can be converted easily but LPG only cuts down pollution a little. Hydrogen fuel cells may be the long-term answer. They provide clean power but each cell is very expensive.

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Cars have an engine and a gearbox. Some cars have a petrol 1_______ and some cars have a diesel engine. Some cars have a manual gearbox and some have an 2_______ gearbox. Most cars (> 50 %) have a petrol engine; most also have a 3_______ gearbox. Cars also have a dynamo and some have an 4_______.

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1 _______. This logs all passenger calls and monitors the number of passengers travelling from floor to floor, the position of any car in the system, and its speed. It can direct passengers to the car which will get them to their destination fastest and will prevent any car which is overloaded from moving.
Lifts have many safety devices which make it virtually impossible for an accident to happen. 2 _______. Each one is strong enough to support the car. If the car starts too quickly, a governor or safety brake locks the car to the guide rails. 3 _______. Doors on the car ensure that no passenger can be injured by contact with the shaft. The car cannot move until both sets of doors are closed. 4 _______. All these things combined make travel in lifts one of the safest journeys you can make!

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Skyscrapers start with a very large hole in the ground which will contain the foundations, several floors, and possibly even a metro or subway station. 1 _______. Usually they are made by drilling narrow, deep holes and filling them with reinforced concrete to form piles. 2 _______. A thick raft of concrete is laid on top of the piles.
Vertical steel columns are bolted to the foundations. 3 _______. Steel girders are fixed horizontally from column to column by Steel Erectors to form a strong framework. Metal decking is laid across the girders and filled with lightweight liquid concrete which is pumped up from the ground. When it sets, it forms the floors.
Ducts are installed below the floors to carry all services:  electricity, water, drains. 4 _______. If a fire happens, it is important that the structure can withstand high temperatures without buckling.
The same process is repeated as the building rises. In some construction methods, entire floors are built at ground level and hoisted into position by cranes.
The outside of the building is covered in cladding. This consists of prefabricated panels of materials such as stainless steel, aluminium, and glass.

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Pedro Fernandez: Bike Maker
When I choose a material for a bike frame, I have to think about the properties of the material. How elastic is it? If you bend or stretch it, will it go back to its original shape? If it does, it has high elasticity. How strong is it? There are two types of strength. The first is how much force you need to bend it to a point where it can’t go back to its original shape. 1 _______. Steel is the least expensive choice. There’s a wide range of standard gauge tubes available. It’s strong and it has good elasticity but it’s heavy.
Aluminium is light and strong but it’s flexible. The more it bends, the quicker it breaks. 2 _______. That limits the amount of bending.
Titanium has a great strength-to-weight ratio. It’s got good elasticity so when it bends to return to its original shape. 3 _______. But it’s expensive-fifteen times the price of steel!
The professionals use carbon fibre. It’s very light and it’s very strong. You can shape it any way you like. 4 _______.

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1 _______. It is similar to electroplating in that a metal coating is deposited on a special form in an electrolytic solution. 2 _______. This process allows manufacturers to ‘grow’ components in metals such as nickel.
3 _______. It makes it possible to produce extremely accurate copies of masters.     4  _______.