Вопрос № 1072386 - Английский язык

Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
What is the Constitution of Britain?
Britain is unusual because its constitution is not found in a formal written document. Instead, the constitutional rights of citizens and the powers of government are found in various case-law rulings, statutes, and even in traditions. For example, the important constitutional principle that the king or queen must approve any legislation passed by parliament is simply an unwritten tradition that has gradually developed over the last three hundred years. There is a debate in Britain about whether citizens’ rights would be better guaranteed by a written constitution, or at least a bill of rights. Some people argue that the government has too much freedom and that it is too easy to change the constitution since all that is needed is a new statute or even a change in traditional procedure. They complain that recent governments have overused libel laws and the Official Secrets Act (to censor information in the interests of national security), and feel that citizens’ rights have fallen behind those in neighboring European countries. Others argue that the flexibility of an unwritten constitution is a good thing, that the lack of a written constitution has not stood in the way of a long tradition of individual liberty in Britain, and that many countries with constitutions which look liberal on the surface suffer from oppressive governments which simply find ways to ignore constitutional rights.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
US Constitution
1. The US Constitution was adopted in 1787 after the War of Independence. A constitution is a set of customs, traditions, rules and laws that sets forth the basic way a government is organized and functions. It is very important to understand that having a constitution does not mean that a nation has a constitutional government. If a constitution makes it possible to concentrate power by one or few, it is not the basis of a constitutional government. If a constitution says that the government’s power should be limited but doesn’t mention the ways how to do it, it is not the basis for a constitutional government.
2. In a constitutional government the constitution is a form higher law that must be obeyed by everyone including those in power.
The US Constitution consists of 7 articles and 26 amendments. According to the Founders of the American state a constitution or higher law should have the following characteristics:
    it sets forth the basic rights of citizens to life, liberty, and property;
    it establishes the responsibility of the government to protect those rights;
    it establishes limitations on how those in government use their powers with regard to citizens’ rights and responsibilities, the distribution of resources, the control of conflict;
    it establishes the principle of a private domain – which means that there are areas of citizens’ lives that are no business of the government and in which the government cannot interfere;
    it can be changed with the consent of the most citizens. This is how the Constitution differs from the ordinary law that governments regularly create and enforce. The US Constitution has 26 amendments, the first 10 are called the Bill of Rights and it was adopted in 1791. The Bill enumerated basic freedoms and guaranteed them and declared what the government was not allowed to do.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Установите последовательность пропущенных в тексте слов.
Under the Constitution of Russia judges shall be citizens of the Russian Federation over 25 years of age with 1_______ education in law, having five-year experience in law. Their duty consists: in examining all the 2_______ evidence, interrogating the defendants, interviewing victims and 3_______, hearing the experts’ findings, examining the physical evidence and passing sentence which must be 4_______, grounded and just.

Установите последовательность пропущенных в тексте слов.
The main task of notarial offices is to check the legality of all 1_______ they witness and to give 2_______ advice and to render assistance to institutions, 3_______, enterprises and individuals in protecting their legitimate interests. The duty of the 4_______ also consists in helping applicants to make wills, in drawing deeds of gift, purchase and sale.

Установите последовательность пропущенных в тексте слов.
Advocates are united into 1_______ organizations – colleges of advocates (the Bar). In accordance with the Constitution, the main task of the 2_______ is promoting the protection of the lawful rights and 3_______ of citizens and organizations, the observance of law. Members of the Bar give advice on juridical matters, act as their clients’ representatives in 4_______, participate in the preliminary investigation and in court in criminal cases as counsels for the defence, represent victims, plaintiffs, defendants.

Установите последовательность пропущенных в тексте слов.
A jury consists of twelve people (“jurors”), who are 1_______ people chosen at random from the list of people who can vote in elections. The jury listen to the evidence given in court in certain criminal 2_______ and decide whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the person is found 3_______, the punishment is passed by the presiding 4_______. Juries are rarely used in civil cases.