Вопрос № 1072641 - Английский язык

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What is the major purpose of cladding?
Cladding is a material used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building. The cladding of a building is its most visible part. Its major purpose is to separate the indoor environment of a building from the outdoors.
Cladding must prevent the entry of water, snow and ice into a building. Water on the face of a building is known to be driven by wind not only in a downward direction, but in every other direction, even upward.
Water problems, that is keeping water out, are especially great on very tall buildings. These buildings rise to height where wind velocities are extremely high.
They are much higher than a ground level. It should be taken into account that on tall buildings water tends to penetrate the smallest crack or hole and enter the building.

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Cladding is a material used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building. 1 _______. Its major purpose is to separate the indoor environment of a building from the outdoors.
2 _______.Cladding must prevent the entry of water, snow and ice into a building. Water on the face of a building is known to be driven by wind not only in a downward direction, but in every other direction, even upward.
3 _______.Water problems, that is keeping water out, are especially great on very tall buildings. These buildings rise to height where wind velocities are extremely high.
4 _______. It should be taken into account that on tall buildings water tends to penetrate the smallest crack or hole and enter the building.

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Orientation and construction of buildings should receive special attention in places where environment and climatic factors have a significant effect. 1_______. For example, flat roofs should be avoided in areas with frequent rainfalls. Snow and wind are variable loads that should be taken into account while designing a structure and its roof. 2_______. Solar radiation can be also unpleasant, but if it is controlled, it can bring many advantages. 3_______. Location and coordination of all services must also be preplanned and located on a site plan, worked out in accordance with the local climatic conditions. 4_______. All conveniences must have ventilation, a cover, partitions and doors with suitable fastenings.

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The ancient Romans discovered a mineral on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius. The mineral when mixed with limestone and burned, produced cement, that hardened under water as well as in the air. 1_______. As time passed, the new material not only became the preferred type for use in all their buildings projects but changed the character of Roman construction. Masonry of stone or brick was used to construct only the surfaces of masonry piers and walls but the interiors were filled with large amounts of the new type of mortar.
We now know that mortar continued the main ingredient of modern Portland cement. 2_______. With the fall of the Roman Empire, knowledge of concrete construction was lost. 3_______. In 1824 an artificial cement, named Portland cement, was patented. 4_______.

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Windows were formerly made on the job site by highly skilled carpenters, but are now produced almost exclusively in factories. 1_______.Windows need to be made to a very high standard of precision if they are to operate easily and maintain a high degree of weather tightness over a period of many years. In cold climates especially, a loosely fitted window with single glass and a frame that is highly conductive of heat will significantly increase heating consumption for a building, cause noticeable discomfort to the people in the building, and create large quantities of condensate to stain and decay finish materials in and around the window.
2_______. Single-hung and double-hung windows have one or two moving sashes, which are the frames in which the glass is mounted. 3_______. A sliding window is essentially a single-hung window. 4_______.

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The plant where high-density polyethylene pipe is being manufactured needed repairs to its pipe storage area. The repairs became necessary because the stone layer did not shed water and it caused cracks. The cracking of the storage pavement area made it necessary to stabilize the site.
So it became necessary for engineers to look for a way that would be economical and would not require shutting down the operating area of the plant. After testing a number of alternatives, it was decided to use polypropylene fibres for the purpose. It was found out that when being mixed with soil the fibres produce the necessary stability. The way the engineers proposed turned out to be economical and quite successful.
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The repairs became necessary because …