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Cell-phone channels
1. A single cell in an analog cell-phone system uses one-seventh of the available duplex voice channels. That is, each cell (of the seven on a hexagonal grid) is using one-seventh of the available channels so it has a unique set of frequencies and there are no collisions. A cell-phone carrier typically gets 832 radio frequencies to use in a city. Each cell phone uses two frequencies per call – a duplex channel – so there are typically 395 voice channels per carrier.
2. Therefore, each cell has about 56 voice channels available. In other words, in any cell, 56 people can be talking on their cell phone at one time. Analog cellular systems are considered first-generation mobile technology, or 1G. With digital transmission methods (2G), the number of available channels increases. For example, a TDMA-based digital system (more on TDMA later) can carry three times as many calls as an analog system, so each cell has about 168 channels available.
3. Cell phones have low-power transmitters in them. Many cell phones have two signal strengths: 0.6 watts and 3 watts (for comparison, most CB radios transmit at 4 watts). The base station is also transmitting at low power. Low-power transmitters have two advantages. The transmissions of a base station and the phones within its cell do not make it very far outside that cell. The power consumption of the cell phone, which is normally battery-operated, is relatively low. Low power means small batteries, and this is what has made handheld cellular phones possible.
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Lower power transmitters …
always transmit signals at 6 watt
increase the power consumption of cells
usually are not located in cell phones
allow to minimize the size of cell phone batteries