Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова. Building construction has it...: ответ на тест 932998 - Английский язык

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Building construction has its own history, which is marked by a number of trends. Let’s describe some of them. One of these trends is increasing durability of the materials. The first building materials were perishable. We mention leaves, branches and animal hides. Later people began to use more durable natural materials such as clay, stone, timber. Finally, synthetic materials such as bricks, concrete, metals, plastics were used in building.

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Building Construction
1. Building construction has its own history, which is marked by a number of trends. One of these trends is increasing durability of the materials. The first building materials were perishable such as leaves, branches and animal hides. Later people began to use more durable natural materials such as clay, stone, timber. Finally, synthetic materials such as bricks, concrete, metals, plastics were used in building.
2. Another trend is quest for buildings of greater height and span. It was possible by the development of stronger building materials and by knowledge of how materials behave and how to exploit them to greater advantage. The third trend involves the degree of control exercised over the interior environment of buildings: increasingly precise regulation of air temperature, light and sound levels, humidity, air speed.
3. All factors that affect human comfort become possible. A modern trend is change in energy of the construction progress, starting with human muscle power and developing toward the powerful machinery.
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Cement is the most important component of concrete. 1_______. Concrete may be considered an artificial conglomerate of “crushed stone, gravel or similar inert material with a mortar”. A mortar is a mixture of sand, screenings or similar inert particles with cement and water. 2_______. The most accurate method of measuring proportions is to weigh the required quantities of each material. This may be done whether the proportions are based upon volumes or weights. 3_______. It is also widely used in large building constructions. 4_______.

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New developments of architects are known today. 1_______. Young architects from the architectural department of the Rhode Island School of Design have designed tomorrow’s houses. 2_______. The system is based on cast plastic bubbles linked together. It permits the creation of almost any size and shape of such a house. 3_______. This house has features associating more and more with modern living. 4_______. At the same time it also tends to add outdoor space to the indoors and increases the feeling of speciousness.

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Boxes – that’s what a good deal of modern architecture reminds me of. 1_______. A man who lives in one of these boxes works in another big box, high up in the air. If he falls ill, he goes to another big box called a hospital.
I began this letter by saying that many modern buildings, especially the blocks of flats and business offices, were like big boxes. 2_______. An architect today has to be an engineer too. 3_______. They save plenty of unnecessary work. 4_______.

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1_______. Huge reinforced concrete units manufactured in heated factory premises are brought to the site which becomes something like an assembly shop. 2_______. First of all it cuts the labour needed for building by 60 to 70% and extends the building season what is very important for countries where winter lasts for many months. 3_______. All this makes the building process less expensive and much less labourous.
4_______.