Вопрос № 1007072 - Английский язык

To the west of the continent of Europe lie two large islands. The larger of them is called Great Britain, and the smaller, Ireland. These two and 5,500 smaller islands form the British Isles.
The island of Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The isle of Ireland is divided into Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK (the United Kingdom) is the official name of the country, occasionally referred to as Great Britain, which is, strictly speaking, only a geographic name.
Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea from the west, by the North Sea from the north and west. It is separated from the European continent by the English Channel. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The UK is not a very large country. Its territory is about 244,000 square kilometers, and no point of the country is more than 120 kilometers away from the sea.
Geographically, the UK has a very convenient position, being located on the crossroads from Europe to America. This is one of the reasons why Britain was (and is up to the present time) one of the leading world powers. The capital of the country is London. It is situated on the river Thames.
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What parts does the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consist of?

To the west of the continent of Europe lie two large islands. The larger of them is called Great Britain, and the smaller, Ireland. These two and 5,500 smaller islands form the British Isles.
The island of Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The isle of Ireland is divided into Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK (the United Kingdom) is the official name of the country, occasionally referred to as Great Britain, which is, strictly speaking, only a geographic name.
Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea from the west, by the North Sea from the north and west. It is separated from the European continent by the English Channel. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The UK is not a very large country. Its territory is about 244,000 square kilometers, and no point of the country is more than 120 kilometers away from the sea.
Geographically, the UK has a very convenient position, being located on the crossroads from Europe to America. This is one of the reasons why Britain was (and is up to the present time) one of the leading world powers. The capital of the country is London. It is situated on the river Thames.
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Americans consider themselves the nation of sports fans. A visitor to the USA may be really amazed at seeing how much attention is paid to different kinds of sports. The major sporting events are widely discussed in newspapers and magazines, and the names of famous sportsmen are known to everyone. Special TV channels broadcast championships all over the country. Hundreds of stadiums are built every year.
Physical training is a very important subject at school, high school and college. Preference is given to team games, such as American football, football (called soccer by Americans), baseball, and basketball. In every city one may find a cafe with a dozen of large TV sets showing different sports events. People go to those cafes to route for their favourite team and to talk to friends. It is a very popular way to spend an evening.
Great attention is paid on keeping oneself physically fit. Companies spend money on building gyms and arranging sports facilities for their employees. A company staff may have an option of going to a swimming pool, a training centre or a golf course for a symbolic fee.
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Companies spend money on building gyms and arranging sports facilities for their …

The economic reason for foreign language study lies in the fact that it enables career advancement. Studying a foreign language makes one more eligible to venture certain fields. Many colleges and universities require at least several years of high school foreign language study for admission. In some colleges students are required to acquire reading knowledge of other languages. This helps when reading research work in non-Russian language books and journals. Knowing a foreign language can increase one’s chances of securing an admission to a college of his/her choice.
After getting out of college, it is the time to go for an employment or start a business. Both are benefited by knowledge of a foreign language.
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London, the capital of the United Kingdom, was founded in AD 43 by the Roman invaders as a settlement and a fortress. At first it had the name of Londinium. Due to its convenient position in the mouth of the river Thames the settlement grew and developed into a city. In the 11th century London became the capital of England. For centuries it was a prominent port through which wealth and prosperity came to the country.
Historically and geographically London can be divided into three parts: the City, the West End and the East End. The City is the financial centre of the country, with offices of large firms and banks and the Stock Exchange.
The West End has always been considered a place where aristocrats lived. There is a great number of sights and attractions: the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, St Paul’s Cathedral, the Nelson Column, to mention just a few of them. London’s beautiful parks are also there: Hyde Park, St. James’ Park, Regent’s Park are favourite places for Londoners to visit and relax. One may also go shopping in the West End – Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street both present a wide choice of expensive shops and boutiques.
The East End was previously considered the place where not well-to-do people lived. The East End is now considered a bohemian district. The ugly docks, which for years disguised the face of the East End, are now closed, and new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built.
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Education in the United Kingdom is compulsory from the age of five to sixteen. Children under five go either to nursery schools, or to playgroups. The main aim of such kind of establishments is to make the children ready for primary schools.
Compulsory education for all children begins at the age of five. There are 35,000 state schools in Britain. All of them are the responsibility of the Local Educational Authorities (LEA).
Primary school is for children from five to eleven. At first the studies are more like playing than working. Lessons usually last from nine in the morning till four or five in the afternoon with a long break at the lunchtime.
At the age of eleven pupils go to comprehensive schools. They study Maths, English, Arts, English Literature, Geography, one or two foreign languages, usually French, Italian or German, PE (Physical Education), IT (Information Technology), Religion, Science, Biology, Sex Education and other subjects.
At the end of their studies they take General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations (GCSE) 0-level, and then they either leave school and start working or continue their studies at school or at college for two more years. This is called the sixth form at school or the sixth form college, and the students take only the subjects they need for entering the university of their choice.
At the age of eighteen they take GCSE A-level. There are no entrance exams to universities, so the students can enter a university or a college on the results of their A-level examinations.
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