Вопрос № 1072275 - Английский язык

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Agronomists use the world “pests” in referring to weeds, plant diseases, and insects that threaten crops. Most farmers control pests with chemicals called pesticides. Scientists have developed hundreds of pesticides for use on farms. Each one is designed to fight certain of weeds, plant diseases, or harmful insects. All pesticides must be with extreme care. If they are used improperly, they may pollute the environment or the food supply and so endanger people’s health.
Farmers also use other methods of pest control in addition to pesticides. For example, turning the soil with a plough or mechanical cultivator kills most weeds. However, special pesticides called herbicides control weeds more thoroughly than soil turning does. Some herbicides remain active in the soil for some time and so kill weed seedlings as develop.
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The main purpose of soil preparation is to make a seedbed – that is, an area of soil in which seeds can be planted and in which they will take root and grow. Most farmers make the seedbed by a process called tillage. Tillage involves digging into the soil and mixing it. Tillage loosens the soil, kills weeds, and improves the circulation of the water and air in the soil. The chief tillage devices are ploughs. At ploughing time, most farm fields are scattered with dead stalk, leaves, and other plant wasters from the preceding crop. Other field may have a cover crop, such as alfalfa or grass. Plants wasted and cover crops help protect soil from erosion. They also enrich the soil with nutrients if they are ploughed under.
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Most farmers make the seedbed by a process called …

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The Roman Empire began as a country of small farms on the Italian peninsula before 500 B.C. By the A.D. 200s the Romans had developed new farming methods, e.g. systems of crop rotation. The selective breeding of plants and livestock began in Europe during Roman times, too. During the Middle Ages European farmers invented a three-field system of crop rotation during the Middle Ages. In many areas, it replaced the Roman two-field system. On most European farms horses gradually replaced oxen as the chief source of power. Many special-purpose livestock breeds were developed.
The European voyages of discovery that began in the 1400s greatly affected agriculture throughout the world. In various parts of the Americas, Indian farmers grew cocoa beans, corn, peanuts, peppers, rubber trees, sweet potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes.
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On most European farms horses gradually replaced …

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22 May, 2011
1_______,
It was distressing to learn that the butter we shipped to your firm last week arrived in bits. 2_______, a new shipment for 30$ left our dock this morning and is scheduled for afternoon delivery to you on May 26th. Please turn over the damaged goods to the driver at the time of deliver.
3_______ that this unfortunate incident occurred and sincerely appreciate your continued patronage.
4_______,
Mr Norman

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1_______,
Dear Mr. Lesage,
I have pleasure in confirming your appointment as our representative in France with effect from June 1st 2010.
We have considered the large scale potential of developing our exports to Europe. With your experience in the French agricultural market 2_______that you will be able to make a substantial contribution towards promoting our image and our merchandise, which has already proved so acceptable in the U.K. and other countries.
3_______ we should be pleased to make available to you a commission rate of 10% of orders which are placed with us and which we have confirmed and delivered.
We should also be responsible for expenses in respect of visits to this country. We should also be prepared to reimburse you for expenses incurred on behalf of our executives who visit France.
It is our intention to review the terms of our association at six-monthly intervals.
I may say how much we look forward to 4_______and the prospect of developing our activities in France.
Yours sincerely,
John Baxter
Managing Director

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12 January, 2012
Dear Sirs,
We have received your letter of January 10th, this year, in which you ask us to grant you a discount of 25% off the price offered by us in our draft contract for the delivery of equipment and materials for the extension of the poultry farm. In doing so, you refer to our Contract No 4 for the delivery of equipment and materials for the construction of the farm.
1_______ that we cannot meet your request because of the following reason:
You consider that the prices of this kind of equipment have gone up by 20% since the time of signing our contract, i.e. for 6 years. According to the price indexes put out in USA and UK, however, the average annual rise in prices of machines and equipment makes 8-10%, i.e., 48-60% for 6 years, which corresponds to the 60% price rise accepted by us.
Meanwhile 2_______ to the fact that the equipment intended for delivery meets modern requirements and its level of automation is considerably higher than that of the equipment supplied before.
With this we are sending you our calculation of prices of the equipment and materials ask you to consider the materials which, we are sure, will help you to accept our proposal. 3_______
Yours faithfully,
4_______