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Civil courts
1. In England, simple civil actions, for example family matters such as undefended divorce, are normally heard in either the Magistrates’ Courts or the County Courts.
There's no jury in a Magistrates' Court. Family cases may go оn appeal from the Magistrates' Court to the County Courts. The County Court also hears complex first instance civil cases, such as contract disputes, compensation claims, consumer complaints about faulty goods or services, and bankruptcy cases. Juries are now rare in civil actions, so normally the judge considers both law and fact.
2. More complex civil cases, such as the administration of estates and actions for the recovery of land, are heard in the High Court of Justice, which is divided into three divisions: Family, Chancery and Queen's Bench. From the High Court cases may go on appeal to the civil division of the Court of Appeal, which can reverse or uphold a decision of the lower courts. Its decisions bind all the lower civil courts. Civil cases may leapfrog from the High Court to the House of Lords, bypassing the Court of Appeal, when points of law of general public importance are involved.
3. Decisions of the House of Lords arc binding on all other courts but not necessarily on itself. The court of the House of Lords consists of twelve life peers appointed from judges and barristers. The quorum, or minimum number, of law lords for an appeal hearing is normally three, but generally there is a sitting of five judges.
Основной идеей текста является …
In England, simple civil cases can be heard in either magistrates’ courts or in county courts, the latter hear complex first instant cases and hear appeals on family matters from the magistrates’ courts .
More complex civil cases are heard in the High Court of Justice; then cases may go on appeal to the civil division of the Court of Appeal which can amend or support a decision of the lower courts.
The court of the House of Lords is the highest in England and its decisions are binding on all the courts; it consists of twelve life peers assigned from judges and barristers, though usually five of them sit as a court.
In England, civil cases of various degree of complexity can be heard in magistrates’ courts and county courts or in the High Court of Justice which can make an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to the House of Lords.