Вопрос № 284232 - Английский язык

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Electronics is a rather young 1____________. It belongs to the twentieth century. Within a short period it has become a powerful means of progress.
Electronics surrounds us everywhere. Television, radio-receiving, tape-recording - are all based on 2_____________. The ideas of electronics are embodied in 3______________ technology and means of automation, biology and genetics which have 4______________ biotechnology as a new branch of the national economy.

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Electronics surrounds us everywhere. Television, tape-recording, radio-receiving - electronics is at the heart of them all. But that is only a small part of 1_______________ and not the most important at that. Extremely complicated electronic 2________________ control the work of huge plants, enterprises and 3_______________ stations. Electronic 4________________ are indispensable for planning and controlling our national economy.

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Electronic computers are widely used in scientific 1______________, in planning and controlling our national economy. Very complicated 2______________ systems control the work of huge plants and power stations; even whole industries are 3______________ by electronic robots. Planes and rockets are also electronically controlled.
4______________ has sharpened our vision and given us chance to see the microworld more clearly. It helps us discover new and puzzling phenomena of nature.

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The conventional circuit would require approximately 40 separate discrete 1___________, 200 connections, 40 hermetic seals, and 300 separate processing operations with each operation, seal, and connection representing a possible source of failure. However, if all the elements of this 2_________________ are integrated upon one chip of silicon, the number of 3_______________ drops to about 14. All circuit elements are interconnected inside the package by a process known as vapour metallization; instead of 40 hermetic seals there is one, and the three hundred 4______________ operations are reduced to approximately 30.

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Electronics surrounds us everywhere. Television, tape-recording, radio-receiving - electronics is at the heart of them all. But that is only a small part of 1_______________ and not the most important at that. Extremely complicated electronic 2________________ control the work of huge plants, enterprises and 3_______________ stations. Electronic 4________________ are indispensable for planning and controlling our national economy.

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Intensive 1______________ of radio-location began in the early forties. All these years the vacuum 2_______________ was the heart of electronics and, hence, the field of 3______________ was usually defined as the study of the motion of electrons in vacuum tubes. However, it was found that small, controlled 4______________ of gas introduced into a "vacuum tube" could make it perform switchings, rectifying and other jobs. To include the category of gas-filled tubes, "vacuum tubes" became converted to "electron tubes" and the science of electronics was expanded to include the study of electron motion in gases.