Вопрос № 1072395 - Английский язык

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The House of Commons is made up of 635 elected members, known as Members of Parliament. 1_______. Each session of the House of Commons lasts for 160 – 175 days. 2_______. If the majority of Members of Parliament vote for the bill, it is sent to the House of Lords for discussion. 3_______. All bills must pass through both houses before being sent for signature by the Queen, when they become Acts of Parliament. 4_______. The House of Lords consists of those lords who sit by right of inheritance and those men and women who have been given life peerages which end with life of their possessors

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The House of Commons
1. The House of Commons, the centre of parliamentary power, is directly responsible to the electorate. From the 20lh century the House of Lords has recognised the supremacy of the elected chamber. The House of Commons is traditionally regarded as the lower house, but it is the main parliamentary arena for political battle. A Government can only remain in office for as long as it has the support of a majority in the House of Commons.
2. New legislation usually starts in this House which has primacy over the non-elected House of Lords. «Money bills», concerned solely with taxation and public expenditure, are always introduced in the Commons and must be passed by the Lords promptly and without amendment. When the two houses disagree on a non-money bill, the elected chamber prevails.
3. A Member of Parliament (MP) is elected by a particular area or constituency in Britain to represent them in the House of Commons. MPs have many duties that involve them in different activities. A lot of MPs’ work has nothing to do with voting in Parliament. MPs are there to help people and to try to make sure their rights under the law are not violated. Some MPs hold an advice bureau in their constituencies, where people can go for help and recommendation.
4. The presiding officer in the House of Commons is the Speaker. He is responsible for ensuring that the rules laid down by the House for the carrying out of its business are observed. He acts as the House's representative in its relations with outside bodies and the other elements of Parliament such as the Lords and the Monarch. The Speaker is elected by MPs in the House of Commons but then ceases to be involved in party politics. Even after retirement a former Speaker shall not take part in political issues.
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The House of Commons is called «the elected chamber» because its members are elected by …

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The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. The president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term. A candidate for president must be a citizen of Russia, at least thirty-five years of age, and a resident of the country for at least ten years. If a president is unable to continue in office because of health problems, resignation, impeachment, or death, a presidential election is to be held not more than three months later. In such a situation, the Federation Council is empowered to set the election date.
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What characteristics must a candidate for president have?

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It is often said that the Queen is politically neutral and her role is largely ceremonial. However, the Queen is still involved in many important acts of government. The Queen calls and dissolves Parliament. She normally opens the new session of Parliament with a speech from the throne which is written for her by the Government and outlines her Government’s programme. Before a bill becomes law the Queen must give it her Royal Assent, which is announced to both Houses of Parliament. The Queen can, on advice of Ministers, pardon criminals. She has the power to confer honors (peerages, knighthoods, etc.). The Queen makes appointments to many important state offices, on the advice of the Prime Minister or the relevant Cabinet Minister. She has the power to conclude treaties, to declare war and to makepeace, to recognize foreign states and governments and to annex territory. The Queen presides over meetings of the Privy Council, a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Its members are senior politicians, who were or are members of either the House of Commons or House of Lords. The Queen is informed and consulted about all aspects of national life.

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Common law results from custom or legal precedents and is interpreted in courts by judges. A statute is a formal written act of a legislative authority that governs a state, city, or county. Conventions are rules and practices which are regarded as necessary to the working of government, often derived from the historical events. A convention can be changed by Act of Parliament, or by general agreement.
Since Britain joined the European Community in 1973, the European Court of Human Justice have increasingly determined British law in those areas which are covered by the various treaties to which Britain is a party.

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Voting is voluntary and by secret ballot. Any person aged 21 or over who is a British citizen or citizen of another Commonwealth country or the Irish Republic may stand for election to Parliament, provided they are not disqualified (bankrupt, sentenced to more than one year’s imprisonment, members of the clergy, members of the House of Lords, and a range of public servants and officials). Approved candidates are usually selected by their political party organizations in the constituency which they represent, although candidates do not have party backing.