Прочитайте текст. General Elections to the House of Commons are held after Parliament has been disso...: ответ на тест 1072395 - Английский язык

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General Elections to the House of Commons are held after Parliament has been dissolved, either by the Queen or because the maximum term between elections – five years – has expired. The decision on when to hold a general election is made by the Prime Minister. Britain is divided into constituencies, each of which returns one MP to the House of Commons. The British electoral system is based on the relative majority method – sometimes called the “first past the post” principle – which means the candidate with more votes than any other is elected.
All British citizens together with citizens of other Commonwealth countries and citizens of the Irish Republic living in Britain may vote, provided they are 18 years or over and not legally barred from voting. People not entitled to vote include prisoners, members of the House of Lords, and those kept in hospital for mental disorders.
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What does the relative majority method mean?

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The House of Commons is made up of 635 elected members, known as Members of Parliament. 1_______. Each session of the House of Commons lasts for 160 – 175 days. 2_______. If the majority of Members of Parliament vote for the bill, it is sent to the House of Lords for discussion. 3_______. All bills must pass through both houses before being sent for signature by the Queen, when they become Acts of Parliament. 4_______. The House of Lords consists of those lords who sit by right of inheritance and those men and women who have been given life peerages which end with life of their possessors

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The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. The president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term. A candidate for president must be a citizen of Russia, at least thirty-five years of age, and a resident of the country for at least ten years. If a president is unable to continue in office because of health problems, resignation, impeachment, or death, a presidential election is to be held not more than three months later. In such a situation, the Federation Council is empowered to set the election date.
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What characteristics must a candidate for president have?

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It is often said that the Queen is politically neutral and her role is largely ceremonial. However, the Queen is still involved in many important acts of government. The Queen calls and dissolves Parliament. She normally opens the new session of Parliament with a speech from the throne which is written for her by the Government and outlines her Government’s programme. Before a bill becomes law the Queen must give it her Royal Assent, which is announced to both Houses of Parliament. The Queen can, on advice of Ministers, pardon criminals. She has the power to confer honors (peerages, knighthoods, etc.). The Queen makes appointments to many important state offices, on the advice of the Prime Minister or the relevant Cabinet Minister. She has the power to conclude treaties, to declare war and to makepeace, to recognize foreign states and governments and to annex territory. The Queen presides over meetings of the Privy Council, a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Its members are senior politicians, who were or are members of either the House of Commons or House of Lords. The Queen is informed and consulted about all aspects of national life.

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Common law results from custom or legal precedents and is interpreted in courts by judges. A statute is a formal written act of a legislative authority that governs a state, city, or county. Conventions are rules and practices which are regarded as necessary to the working of government, often derived from the historical events. A convention can be changed by Act of Parliament, or by general agreement.
Since Britain joined the European Community in 1973, the European Court of Human Justice have increasingly determined British law in those areas which are covered by the various treaties to which Britain is a party.

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Voting is voluntary and by secret ballot. Any person aged 21 or over who is a British citizen or citizen of another Commonwealth country or the Irish Republic may stand for election to Parliament, provided they are not disqualified (bankrupt, sentenced to more than one year’s imprisonment, members of the clergy, members of the House of Lords, and a range of public servants and officials). Approved candidates are usually selected by their political party organizations in the constituency which they represent, although candidates do not have party backing.