Вопрос № 911711 - Английский язык

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Scientists consider that the oldest tools are known to the mankind are 2,600,000 years old. They were used by people in manual operations and that is why they were called hand tools. By the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, people had already devised simple hand tools for cutting and shaping materials. But in the 18th century there appeared machine tools that made mass production a reality in the 19th century.
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Where were the tools used and how were they called?

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Nowadays machine tools play an important role in the manufacture of almost all metal products. Machinists (people who operate machine tools) use them in making automobiles, radios, refrigerators, television sets and so on. Every mechanical engineering workshop is equipped with machine tools.

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We know that an atom is made from protons and neutrons in a nucleus, and electrons spinning around this nucleus. The protons have a positive electric charge and the electrons have a negative electric charge. The neutrons have no electric charge. As the electrons spin around the nucleus, they produce small currents. These currents create a magnetic field around the electrons and the atom. This magnetic field makes the atom behave like a small magnet.

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Iron does not always behave like a magnet and this is because its atoms are usually disorganized. A needle, for example, that contains iron is not a magnet but when you rub the needle with a magnet, its atoms line up and the needle becomes a magnet. The needle can then attract other metals. This property of some substances to attract metals is called magnetism.

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The Quantum Concept is a concept of accumulation. According to Quantum Physics, the physical world around us is composed of individual “packets of energy”, that is, packets that contain energy just as packets of sugar contain sugar. This individual packet of energy forms particles, and particles form atoms. When energy cools off, it accumulates and forms matter.
Our planet, for example, is a living system that results from the accumulation of matter. We can also see the Quantum characteristic of nature in many other aspects of life: a society, for example, which is made up of a group of individuals, or knowledge, which is the result of the accumulation of experience.

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Traffic in Russia is on the right-hand side of streets and roads with traffic way wide enough for several cars moving abreast in one direction. It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free. In Great Britain traffic keeps to the left. Motorcars, motorvans, buses and cyclists must all keep to the left side of the road. In most other countries traffic keeps to the right.