Прочитайте текст. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier is regarded as the father of modern chemistry...: ответ на тест 1104842 - Английский язык

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The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier is regarded as the father of modern chemistry. He is remembered particularly for his work on gases, gunpowder, and combustion. He discovered and named both oxygen and hydrogen, observing that these two gases combine to produce water. This led him to describe elements and compounds, giving many the names by which they are known today. Lavoisier and his wife Marie were meticulous scientists who produced some important manuals describing scientific experiments. In the aftermatch of the French Revolution, Lavoisier was executed by revolutionaries.
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The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier discovered and named …

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Henry Cavendish was born in 1731 and died in 1810. He was an English nobleman who did scientific experiments as a hobby. In 1781 he made the important discovery that water is not an element but a compound of the gases we now call hydrogen and oxygen. He described his experiments to the Royal Society in 1785.
His method was new. He showed that if electric sparks are passed through a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen the two gases combine explosively and form water. This was a dangerous experiment. Cavendish did his experiment safely;
he wisely used a strong brass container for the gases. He also passed electric sparks through air and found that gases which readily dissolve in water form acids. We explain this reaction today as follows: oxygen and nitrogen combine and form oxides of nitrogen.
Cavendish also noticed that air contained a small proportion of a gas which did not combine with any other gas even if we pass electric sparks through it for a long time. Now we think that this gas was probably argon, one of the inert gases. It was rediscovered many years later.

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The American inventor Thomas Edison lived and worked in the United States all his life. He was the most productive inventor ever. During his lifetime, he patented 1,093 different inventions, including the incandescent electric lamp, the motion-picture projector, and the phonograph. He also set up the first industrial research laboratory. Edison had a slow start in life. He was expelled from school because people did not realize that he was deaf, thinking instead that he was unable to learn. His mother taught him at home, where he had built his own laboratory by the time he was 10 years old.
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Thomas Edison was expelled from school because people did not realize that he was …

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Any measurements – for example, of temperature, distance, time or weight – are based on units. A unit is a fixed quantity. In ancient times, body parts were used to measure length. The Greeks used the finger as a basic unit of length, with 16 fingers equaling one foot. Measurement of weight was originally based on how much a man could lift. These imprecise measurements developed into a system of common units.
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In the 4-th century BC in Greece, there were only a few schools, and none taught science. It was left to philosophers to come up with logical explanations of the world. Aristotle studied under the famous philosopher Plato, who regarded thought or the idea as the basis of all knowledge. Aristotle later decided that theories about the world must be based on the close study and classification of nature. Aristotle catalogued the known species of animals and plants, believing they were made of four elements: earth, water, fire, and air. He also believed that a fifth element, ether, surrounded the Earth.
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Aristotle studied under the famous philosopher Plato, who regarded thought or the idea as the basis of …

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1_______
Dear Mr Owen,
We acknowledge receipt of your letter of September 5, this year, from which we have learned that you make a claim on us for the sum of 450 dollars for the delay in submitting the technical documentation under Contract No 8.
We have carefully studied your claim and must inform you that the delay in submitting the technical documentation occurred through no fault of ours. 2_______ that Article 6 of the above contract provides for the submission of the technical documentation within three months after you open an irrevocable letter of credit in our favor with the bank. You undertook to open the letter of credit before June 5, this year; it was actually opened by you on July 25, i.e. more than a month overdue.
Thus, you have infringed the contract in respect of terms of payment, which has caused the delay in submitting 3_______ and consequently you cannot hold us responsible and claim damages.
Yours faithfully,
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