Вопрос № 800740 - Английский язык

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The most important of the laws protecting creditors allow the creditor to acquire a legal interest in (that is, a right in or claim to) some specific property of the debtor. This interest is enforceable if the debtor defaults (fails to pay according to the terms of the agreement) and is called a security interest. The debt is referred to as a secured debt. A creditor, who holds a security interest, is a secured creditor.

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A debtor is a person or a business that owes money, goods, or services to another. Whatever is owed is generally called the debt. The creditor is the one to whom the debt is owed. A legally enforceable debt normally arises out of a contract where something of value has been exchanged for a promise to provide money, goods, or services.

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Laws that set maximum interest rates are called usury laws. Usually such laws apply only to transactions involving the lending of money, not the buying of goods on credit. Also, the usury laws do not protect corporations because they are considered to be adequately protected by the abilities of their professional managers.

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A consumer loan arises when a person borrows money primarily for personal, family, household, or agricultural purposes. It is often called a personal loan to distinguish it from a business or commercial loan.
The creditor must make a full report of interest and finance charges. The finance charge is the total added cost when one pays in installments for goods or services. The creditor must also declare the true equivalent annual interest rate.

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A credit rating is an evaluation of one’s ability to pay debts. If credit is denied because of information in a credit report, the company denying credit must tell the applicant. The applicant may then demand that the reporting agency disclose the general nature of the contents of its file (except medical information) and the names of parties who were given this information. Names of those who provided the information need not be disclosed, however. If there is any error, the credit reporting agency must correct the record.

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1____________________. Punishment is any fine, confinement in jail or prison. 2____________________. The purpose of punishment is not to remedy the wrong but rather to discipline the wrongdoer. 3______________________. The fact that many «career criminals» are arrested repeatedly indicates that the penal system is far from perfect.
4____________________.