Вопрос № 1072210 - Английский язык

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There are billions of stars in the universe. Stars are massive, energy-filled globes of fiery gases. The force of gravity holds these gases together. At a star’s core, atoms of hydrogen join together to form helium in a process called nuclear fusion. The energy generated by this process produces a star’s heat and light. Collections of stars are called galaxies, and each galaxy contains many different types of stars.

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Some people said it would be impossible to find a way through the dust and countless millions of rocks that lie beyond the inner planets. But despite its very baseless technology Pioneer made a successful crossing and went on to carry out it’s first mission – to study Jupiter.
It continued past the outer planets until 1983, crossing the paths of Saturn, Uranus and Pluto before finally entering the vast unknown area outside our solar system. There it will maintain course on its endless journey, passing close to Proxima Centauri in 70,000 years’ time. Eventually, scientists believe, in the safe vacuum of deep space. It may even outlive the Earth, which in five billion years will disappear as the Sun grows ever bigger and swallows up our tiny planet.
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The Earth will disappear in five billion years …

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The part of the Earth and its atmosphere that can 1_______ living organisms is called the biosphere. This consists of the air and land, as well as lakes, rivers, and oceans. 2_______ usually live alongside other members of the same species to form a population. Lots of different populations share the same habitat. Together, they all form a community. The members of a 3_______ constantly react with one another and their environment, creating a balanced, living system called an ecosystem, such as an ocean or a forest. The study of all these interactions is called 4_______.

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The work of Italian scientist Galileo Galilei revolutionized astronomy. Galileo developed the telescope and made important discoveries about the planets and the sun. His observations confirmed the work of the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus who believed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. This finding went against the Church’s teaching that the Earth is the center of the universe, and the Church punished Galileo. Galileo suggested the use of the pendulum in clocks and also discovered an important principle about gravity.
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What did Galileo Galilei believe?

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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon. It is called “organic” because scientists used to think that these compounds were found only in living things or fossils. However, vast numbers of different carbon-containing compounds can now be produced artificially in laboratories and factories, for use in industry. For example, drugs, plastics, and pesticides are all synthetic organic substances. About 4.5 million of the 5 million compounds known today contain carbon.
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What is organic chemistry?

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We determine how hot or cold something is by a measure called temperature. This tells how much energy the atoms (tiny particles) inside a body contain. The more energy the atoms contain, the faster they move, and the higher the temperature. For each element (simple type of substance), there are specific temperatures at which changes of state occur. These are known as melting and freezing points. Scientists believe that absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, below which atoms would have no energy.
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What is absolute zero?