Вопрос № 1072659 - Английский язык

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The USA is the world’s largest importer and exporter. Besides agricultural products the most part of the US export occupy machinery, automotive products, aircraft and chemicals. The leading US imports are petroleum products, food and beverages machinery, iron and steel products. Despite its huge domestic production, the economy of America depends heavily on foreign imports. Until recently the US exported more goods than it imported. However the present situation is the declining competitiveness of American goods in the world market first of all due to poor quality, which was indicated by the trade deficit. Foreign manufacturers are now selling about 50% inside the country more than Americans are exporting abroad.
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The USA today is a leading economic power with a high standard of living and high productivity in industry and agriculture. It is one of the most prosperous nations in the world. 60% of all families and individuals are in the middle-income or high-income rank.
The USA remains the world’s leading producer of goods and services, although its superiority is diminishing as other countries become more competitive in the world’s market. Industrial and technological position of the US is very high. The USA is the leading producer of electrical energy, aluminum, copper, and paper, and one of the top producers of natural gas and automobiles. No other nation exports as much high technology as the USA.
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The USA is a leading economic country with a high standard of living and high productivity in …

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The dollar until the time of emission of the EURO have been the world’s chief international 1_______ used for most international trading. But the present times dollar 2_______ with the EURO its status of the international currency which points to the declining of the US 3_______ power. However, high volatility of the American dollar continues to create instability on the world-wide trade 4_______.

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Travelers’ checks are 1_______ sold in a variety of denominations by banks and travel agencies. Buyers pay the face amount of the check plus a small fee for the 2_______.
The 12 Federal Reserve banks order currency and coins from the Treasury, just as a supermarket orders different breakfast cereals to meet customers’ needs. If your neighbourhood bank doesn’t have enough cash on hand, or is short of certain denominations, such as $10 and $20 bills, it 3_______ what it needs from its account at the Reserve bank, just as someone might 4_______ a check at the neighbourhood bank to get currency.

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Did you ever have conversation with older adults that went something like: “When I was you age money could buy a lot more than it can these days …”
I guess that’s why they say “the good old days”.
In fact, the dollar was worth more “back in the good old days”, and 1_______ were a lot lower than they are today.
Economists use the terms purchasing power, or value, to describe the quantity and quality of goods and services we can buy with our 2_______. When prices increase, our money cannot buy as much. Its purchasing power declines. When prices fall, the opposite occurs. Or, to put it another way, when prices 3_______, the value of money falls; when prices fall, its value rises.
An extended period of rising prices is called inflation. One in which prices are falling is called deflation. The value of the dollar decreases during periods of inflation, and increases during 4_______ of deflation.
The purchasing power of the dollar has been shrinking during most of our century.

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A situation in which there is “too much money chasing too few goods” is often described as demand-pull inflation. When demand increases faster than industry’s ability to satisfy that demand, prices will increase. During the Vietnam War, for example, government spending for military goods served to increase the purchasing power of many Americans since it was not accompanied by a tax increase. Meanwhile, factories that might have been producing consumer goods turned to the production of goods for use in the war. The result was an increase in the demand for goods and services at the very time that industry’s ability to satisfy that demand was being redirected. Since it was not possible to increase output to satisfy demand, prices rose.
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When do prices increase?