Вопрос № 1072634 - Английский язык

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F. Hennebique was born in France, in the family of a farmer. Already in his childhood he became fond of natural sciences and spent his free time on reading books on natural sciences. At the age of 18 he became an apprentice of a builder and at the same time he continued his studies of theoretical technology. At the age of 25 years Hennebique specialized in restoring churches. He travelled all over the country visiting cathedrals and examining their architecture and construction.
As years passed by, he grew interested in railway works, including bridges and viaducts. In 1844 he designed a house for a client and, to prevent damage by fire, combined good-quality steel with concrete in compression. In this way he realized a new idea to put steel rods in the bottom of the slab in order to prevent any damage by fire. That building with its fire resistance guarantee was completed in 1880 and stood until destroyed during the First World War.
From that time on, F. Hennebique concentrated on the development and production of reinforced concrete constructions. One of his reinforced concrete buildings of that time, a single-storey structure in Paris, had a concrete and glass roof.
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F. Hennebique concentrated on the development and production of …

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Robert Stephenson, the son of George Stephenson was a British 1_______ engineer. He is mostly well-known for the construction of several notable 2_______.
He was born in 1803. He was educated in Newcastle and at the University of Edinburgh. In 1829 he assisted his father in 3_______ a locomotive known as the Rocket, and four years later he was appointed construction engineer of the Birmingham and London 4_______, completed in 1838.
Stephenson built several famous bridges, including the Victoria Bridge in England, the Britannia Bridge in Wales, two bridges across the Nile in Egypt and the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, Canada.

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The function of the cladding of a building is to control the passage of light. Especially important is controlling the passage of 1_______.
It is a well-known fact that sunlight is heat that may be harmful or 2________. It can be useful for illumination but harmful if it 3_______ glare within a building. Besides, sunlight includes ultraviolet wavelengths that can be harmful for human skin. They may also cause harm to interior 4_______.

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The insulation of a building is its extremely important feature. It keeps a building comfortable for life; it helps make buildings cooler in summer and warmer in winter by retarding the passage of heat through the exterior surfaces of the building. It helps keep the people living in the building more comfortable by raising the temperatures of the interior surfaces of the building. It also reduces the energy consumption of the building for heating and cooling. The most important types of thermal insulating materials are the following: glass, wool, treated cellulose, glass fibers and some others.
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What is an extremely important feature of a building?

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Generally the load on roofs consists of two components: the snow load and the wind-pressure. The action of these loads is quite different on flat roofs and pitched ones. The snow load on flat roofs is great; practically it is at the maximum. As to the wind pressure on roofs of this type, it is very small – practically it is at the minimum. On pitched roofs the situation is different; when the pitch of the roof increases the weight of the snow load decreases. As to the wind pressure, it increases with the increase of the pitch.
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What components does the load on roofs consist of?

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The new concrete pipe being manufactured may be classified as the benchmark of industry. Among other excellent qualities, it possesses the highest structural strength compared with any sanitary sewer. What are the main characteristics of the pipe that make it so popular? These are advanced concrete mix design, and steel reinforcement. High quality manufacture processes allow the pipe to be used in any site conditions, from shallow fills to deep bury situations. Strength, concrete’s pipe’s durability and its versatility are the main properties that are combined in the pipe. They produce the technology one can trust.
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What do high quality manufacture processes allow?