Вопрос № 1054939 - Экология

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The economy of the Soviet Union was a “command” economy. For nearly 60 years, it operated on the basis of central planning-state control over all means of production and over investment, production, and consumption. Economic policy was made according to directives from the communist party, which controlled all aspects of economic activity. Five-year plans and annual plans were the chief mechanisms which the Soviet government used to translate economic policies into programs. According to those policies, the State Planning Committee (Gosplan) formulated countrywide output targets for planning periods. Regional planning bodies then refined these targets for state industrial enterprises and state farms (sovkhoz) and collective farms (kolkhoz), each of which had its own specific output plan. Agriculture was mainly collective, and farm workers were allowed only small private plots. It was believed that if each unit met or exceeded its plan, then demand and supply would balance.
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Economic policy of the Soviet Union was made according to directives from the communist party, which controlled all aspects of …

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The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
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Ежегодный прирост зеленой массы в ельниках средней тайги составляет 30 ц/га, а запасы мертвых растительных остатков (подстилки) – 450 ц/га, во влажных тропических лесах прирост составляет 165 ц/га, а запасы подстилки – 20 ц/га. Определите, в какой из экосистем круговорот веществ более интенсивен. (Ответ запишите в поле ответов в виде слова).

Ядерная энергетика остается предметом острых дебатов. Сторонники и противники ядерной энергетики резко расходятся в оценках ее безопасности, надежности и экономической эффективности.

Авария, вызванная природными катаклизмами, произошла на АЭС … (Введите слово в поле ответов в форме соответствующего падежа.)

К форме биотических связей между организмами, из которых пользу получает лишь один вид, а для другого вида воздействие пагубно, относят …

Ядерная энергетика остается предметом острых дебатов. Сторонники и противники ядерной энергетики резко расходятся в оценках ее безопасности, надежности и экономической эффективности.

Авария, вызванная природными катаклизмами, произошла на АЭС … (Введите слово в поле ответов в форме соответствующего падежа.)