Вопрос № 223799 - Английский язык

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Man has always tried 1_______ his standard of living by changing his surroundings and by making tools to simplify the everyday tasks necessary for his existence. At first, the only 2_______ he could use were those he could see around him – stone, wood and so on. He survived in competition with other animals because of his abilities with his 3_______ and their coordination with his brain. Because he did not have 4_______ and speed of some animals, his survival depended on his skillful use to get food and to keep him warm and safe.

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There is a constant 1_______ for new drugs. This is because there is a lot we don’t know about human biology, there are still many illnesses we cannot cure, and new illnesses appear all the time while existing medicines lose their effectiveness. New 2_______ are tested on animals, but because animals’ bodies work differently from ours, if a drug works on a caged rat, it does not mean that it will do the same foe a human being. The only way to really know about a new medicine is to test it on people in a 3_______ trial. This is done by first giving it to healthy people to see if it is safe, and then giving it to sick people 4_______ if it works.

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In many fields the science of the Mayas surpassed that of the Greeks and 1_______. Possessing a profound knowledge of mathematics and 2_______ they had achieved a rare degree of perfection in chronology and everything pertaining to calendar-making. In Chichen Itza they 3_______ observatories whose domes were better orientated than the one erected in Paris in the 17th century. They had adopted a sacred year of 260 days, a solar of 365 days and a Venusian year of 584 days. The exact duration of the solar year has been fixed at 365.2422 days. The Mayas put it at 365.2420 days, - i.e. with a decimal point of the number we have arrived after lengthy calculations. It is 4_______ that the Egyptians arrived at the same approximation, but to establish that we should have to believe in concordances in the Pyramids which are doubtful, whereas we actually possess the Mayas calendar.

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Exploration for oil around the Scottish shores has become a very big 1_______. This is an account of how oil is extracted from beneath the North Sea.
To get the oil out, four production problems will be used: huge 2_______, three made of concrete and one of steel, designed to work for 25 years or more. Instead of floating, they are planted firmly on the sea bed and designed to stand up to the worst of sea and weather. From each platform a series of holes is 3_______, some going almost straight down, others drilled at an 4_______ away from the platform so that a large volume of oil can be extracted. The oil does not lie there like a great swimming pool full of black liquid, it is trapped in small spaces between the porous rocks. To get as much as possible out many separate holes have to be drilled.

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A variety of housing has been provided in new towns, including two-storey houses, bungalows, flats and maisonettes. The greatest demand is for 1_______ with gardens. Many families moving to the new towns have previously lived in overcrowded 2_______ in flats or rooms in the centres of cities and want the space and freedom of a house and a garden where children can play in safety. In view of this preference, care is taken to provide houses of varied 3_______ types, avoiding monotony and ensuring privacy. Houses may, for example, be built in courts, closes, terraces or other groupings and set various distances from, and angles to, roads. A number of 4_______ such as bricks and cements of different colours and panels of natural timber are also used.

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A variety of housing has been provided in new towns, including two-storey houses, bungalows, flats and maisonettes.
The 1_______ usually have two or three bedrooms and one large or two smaller living rooms, though a number of larger and smaller dwellings are also provided; all have kitchens and bathrooms with hot and cold 2_______ and inside lavatories. Many have 3_______ and broadcast relay systems whereby radio and TV programmes are received at a central point and distributed by wire to listeners and viewers. At Washington the development corporation has designed a 4_______ house which can be adapted to meet the changing needs of growing families: the house has all the traditional living areas complete on the ground floor and an upper floor free from dividing walls and with windows and plumbing arranged to enable householders themselves to provide room areas to meet their requirements.