Вопрос № 167873 - Английский язык

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What organization was the forerunner of the United Nations?

The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security”. The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War.
In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to the United Nations Charter. The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN: membership now totals 189 countries.

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International Law
1. The legal process that concerns relations among nations is called international law. International law serves the international community; international law is about the relations between independent states. It treats them as equals, whatever their population, wealth and power. International law aims at stability in international life and the encouragement of trade and other contacts between states.
2. International law is almost wholly based on custom. The precedents on which it rests are the acts of independent governments in their relations with one another, including treaties and conventions. Behind many of its rules is only a moral sanction: the public opinion of the civilized world. When treaties or conventions are involved, however, machinery to enforce them exists – either an arbitration or conciliation procedure or the submission of the dispute to a regional or international court.
3. A body of rules and principles is observed or at least acknowledged in international relations. These rules concern such matters as territorial titles and boundaries, use of the high seas, limits on war, telecommunication, diplomatic and consular exchange, and use of air space. The major sources of international law on these matters are multilateral treaties, international custom, and such general principles recognized by civilized nations. The United Nations is one of the primary mechanisms that articulate and create international law. The General Assembly and other agencies of the UN bring a combination of diplomacy, negotiation and propaganda to bear on world affairs in ways that produce effective international treaties and affect world opinion. Certain courts also have indirect impact, including the International Court of Justice. Domestic courts in various nations at times also engage in the articulation of international law.
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What is the object of the rules that constitute International law?

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Last year we went to _______ Greece.

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We all develop study habits and techniques but have you ever stopped to ask yourself how effective these really are? Here are some things I have learnt about working 1_______. Lots of my friends go to the library. To my mind, that’s fine if you like to spend a lot of time outside chatting. If I really want to get some work done, I study on my own. Another thing my friends tell me is that they can study while listening to 2_______. I know I can’t. When I am revising, I turn the music off so that I can keep my mind on what I’m doing. Finally, a lot of 3_______ can’t do anything without a computer. Of course computers can be very useful, but I 4_______ to switch mine off while I’m studying so that I won’t be tempted to look at my e-mail or interesting webpages.
How you learn best is a very personal matter. I think it’s important to try things out for yourself and not just listen to other people.

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Who is sitting ______ you.

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